Elastic and viscoelastic properties of trabecular bone: Dependence on structure

Pugh, James; Rose, Robert M.; Radin, Eric L.

doi:10.1016/0021-9290(73)90006-7

Cited by 156 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…shown to be proportional to its mineral density and orientation (1,4,9, 15,20,22,24). It is the variability of these parameters within trabecular bone that accounts for its wide range of mechanical properties.…”

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confidence: 97%

Evaluation of orthogonal mechanical properties and density of human trabecular bone from the major metaphyseal regions with materials testing and computed tomography

Ciarelli

Goldstein

Kuhn

et al. 1991

Journal Orthopaedic Research

362

176

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We evaluated the orthogonal mechanical properties of human trabecular bone from the major metaphyseal regions with materials testing and quantitative computed tomography (CT). The proximal tibia, distal femur, proximal femur, distal radius, and proximal humerus from fresh cadaver specimens between the ages of 55 and 70 years were excised and prepared for experimentation. The bones were embedded and scanned at 1 or 1.5 mm intervals on a Technicare HPS 1440 and GE 9800 CT scanner. After scanning, the bones were sectioned, producing 8-mm cubes of trabecular bone which were mechanically tested in uniaxial compression at a strain rate of 1%. The testing sequence consisted of preyield tests in two of the three orthogonal directions and failure in the third. After testing, the cubes were evaluated for apparent density and ash weight. The results of the study show that the strength and stiffness of trabecular bone varies significantly within metaphyseal regions and from metaphysis to metaphysis. The power and significance of relationships between density and modulus varied as a function of metaphyseal location. Both linear and nonlinear models were significant, suggesting that trabecular deformation occurs in response to both axial and bending loads. Finally, the need for architectural measures of trabecular bone to predict mechanical properties is emphasized.

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confidence: 97%

Evaluation of orthogonal mechanical properties and density of human trabecular bone from the major metaphyseal regions with materials testing and computed tomography

Ciarelli

Goldstein

Kuhn

et al. 1991

Journal Orthopaedic Research

362

176

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“…Low power stereoscopic light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy of unembedded thick sections of trabecular bone disclose a complex three-dimensional network of curved plates and bars (9,10). The size, shape, orientation, distribution, and connectivity of these structural elements can substantially affect both the biomechanical properties of trabecular bone (11,12) and its internal surface area (12,13), which is an important determinant of hormone responsiveness and of remodeling activity.…”

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confidence: 99%

Relationships between surface, volume, and thickness of iliac trabecular bone in aging and in osteoporosis. Implications for the microanatomic and cellular mechanisms of bone loss.

et al. 1983

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A B S T R A C T We devised a new method for examining the structural changes that occur in trabecular bone in aging and in osteoporosis. With simultaneous measurement of total perimeter and bone area in thin sections, indirect indices of mean trabecular plate thickness (MTPT) and mean trabecular plate density (MTPD) can be derived, such that trabecular bone volume = MTPD X MTPT. MTPD is an index of the probability that a scanning or test line will intersect a structural element of bone, and is the reciprocal of the mean distance between the midpoints of structural elements, multiplied by 7r/2. We applied this method to iliac bone samples from 78 normal subjects, 100 patients with vertebral fracture, and 50 patients with hip fracture. The reduction in trabecular bone volume observed in normal subjects with increasing age was mainly due to a reduction in plate density, with no significant decrease in plate thickness. The further reduction in trabecular bone volume observed in patients with osteoporotic vertebral fracture was mainly due to a further reduction in plate density. There was a relatively smaller reduction in plate thickness that was statistically significant in males but not in females. Only in patients with hip fracture did trabecular thinning contribute substantially to the additional loss of trabecular bone in osteoporosis relative to age. These data indicate that age-related bone loss occurs principally by a process that removes entire structural elements of bone; those that remain are more widely sep-

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“…The architectural properties of bone have been explored in relation to age, aiming mostly at changes related to ageing, and using almost exclusively 2D analytical techniques. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] The relationship between the architectural and the mechanical properties of bone has been studied by several authors, using both 2D 2,6,[14][15][16][17]19,[21][22][23][24] and 3D…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of growing trabecular ovine bone

Nafei

Kabel

Odgaard

et al. 2000

The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volume

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W e aimed to highlight the relationship between age and the architectural properties of trabecular bone, to outline the patterns in which the variations in these properties take place, and to investigate the influence of the architecture on the mechanical properties of trabecular bone in growing animals. We studied 30 lambs in three age groups and 20 sheep in two age groups. Cubes of subchondral bone were cut from the proximal tibia according to a standardised protocol. They were serially sectioned and their architectural properties were determined. Similar cubes were obtained from the identical anatomical position of the contralateral tibia and their compressive mechanical properties measured. The values obtained from the skeletally immature and mature individuals were compared. Multiple regression analyses were performed between the architectural and the mechanical properties.The bone volume fraction, the mean trabecular volume, the architectural and the mechanical anisotropy, the elastic modulus, the bone strength, the energy absorption to failure, and the elastic energy correlated positively with increasing age whereas the connectivity density, the bone surface density, the ultimate strain, the absorption of viscoelastic energy and the relative loss of energy correlated inversely. The values of all variables were significantly different in the skeletally mature and immature groups. We determined the patterns in which the variations took place. The bone volume fraction of the trabecular bone tissue was found to be the major predictor of its compressive mechanical properties. Together with the mean trabecular volume and the bone surface density, it explained 81% of the variations in the compressive elastic modulus of specimens obtained from the contralateral tibiae. Investigation of the architectural properties of trabecular bone using direct three-dimensional methods is relatively recent and is still at the stage of adjustment, refinement and comparison of the different methods. Variations in the architectural properties with skeletal growth have not been studied and information about skeletally immature individuals is not available. Previously, three-dimensional information has been obtained by stereological methods in which two-dimensional sectioning was used. These methods are highly effective but assumptions regarding regularity have to be made to estimate the topographical properties. Also, two-dimensional stereological methods cannot estimate the architectural anisotropy without making extensive simplifying geometrical assumptions.

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Elastic and viscoelastic properties of trabecular bone: Dependence on structure

Cited by 156 publications

References 16 publications

Evaluation of orthogonal mechanical properties and density of human trabecular bone from the major metaphyseal regions with materials testing and computed tomography

Evaluation of orthogonal mechanical properties and density of human trabecular bone from the major metaphyseal regions with materials testing and computed tomography

Relationships between surface, volume, and thickness of iliac trabecular bone in aging and in osteoporosis. Implications for the microanatomic and cellular mechanisms of bone loss.

Properties of growing trabecular ovine bone

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