Elastic and frictional properties of graphene

Lee, Changgu; Wei, Xiaoding; Li, Qunyang; Carpick, Robert W.; Kysar, Jeffrey W.; Hone, James

doi:10.1002/pssb.200982329

Cited by 348 publications

(230 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Young’s modulus, fracture stress and fracture strain) of graphene were sensitive to the temperature changes rather than the layer numbers and isotope substitutions. Lee et al [131] conducted tensile and friction testing of graphene sheet (with 1–4 layers) by using AFM tips. The experimental results indicated that little difference was found in the intrinsic stiffness and strength of sample with 1–3 atomic layers, while the friction force between AFM tip and graphene sheet decreases as the layer number increases from 1 to 4.…”

Section: The Structure Of Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

Structure of graphene and its disorders: a review

Gao

Lee

et al. 2018

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

444

179

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Monolayer graphene exhibits extraordinary properties owing to the unique, regular arrangement of atoms in it. However, graphene is usually modified for specific applications, which introduces disorder. This article presents details of graphene structure, including sp2 hybridization, critical parameters of the unit cell, formation of σ and π bonds, electronic band structure, edge orientations, and the number and stacking order of graphene layers. We also discuss topics related to the creation and configuration of disorders in graphene, such as corrugations, topological defects, vacancies, adatoms and sp3-defects. The effects of these disorders on the electrical, thermal, chemical and mechanical properties of graphene are analyzed subsequently. Finally, we review previous work on the modulation of structural defects in graphene for specific applications.

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Section: The Structure Of Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

Structure of graphene and its disorders: a review

Gao

Lee

et al. 2018

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

444

179

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is, however, important to note that this class of materials is likely to intrinsically consist of multi--layers although single--layer structures have been synthesized. It has been shown that for 2D materials, such as graphene 37 and graphene oxide, 38 there exists a linear relationship between the elastic moduli and the number of layers. Accordingly, an enhanced mechanical strength of a multi--layered structure is anticipated.…”

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confidence: 99%

Two-dimensional covalent triazine framework as an ultrathin-film nanoporous membrane for desalination

2015

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We computationally demonstrate that two--dimensional covalent traizine frameworks (CTFs) provide opportunties in water desalination. By varying the chemical building blocks, the pore structure, chemistry, and membrane performance can be designed, leading to two orders of mangnutide higher water permeability than polyamide membranes while maintaining excellent ability to reject salts.Water scarcity is one of the most prominent challenges in modern society. 1,2 Due to the rapid growth of the world population and the accelerated industrialization of developing countries, fresh water has become increasingly scarce. Although 75% of the earth's surface is covered with water, more than 97% of it is seawater that cannot be used directly. Much of the remaining fresh water is locked in glaciers and snowfields, leaving less than 1% of the world's water available for human consumption. Despite the vast availability of seawater, the production of fresh water using processes that separate salt ions from saline water (i.e., desalination) remains negligible (less than 1%) when compared to global demand, primarily due to high costs and large energy consumption. 3 To facilitate clean water production via desalination, much recent attention has been given to improving the cost--effectiveness and energy--efficiency of reverse osmosis (RO) desalination processes, which account for roughly two thirds of installed capacity. In particular, new membranes with enhanced water permeability compared to currently available polyamide--based membranes may have an important role to play in lowering energy consumption. 4 Several nanostructured materials have been previously investigated as promising membrane candidates such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) 5,6,7 and zeolites 8,9 . Despite CNTs' high water permeability, 5 membranes based on CNTs exhibit poor salt rejection, and it remains challenging to fabricate membranes with dense, well--aligned nanotubes. 6,7 Zeolite membranes, on the other hand, possess three--dimensional networks that can effectively reject salt ions 8 but show relatively low water permeability. 9 Recently, nanoporous one--atom--thick graphene, the thinnest possible membrane made from matter, has drawn considerable attention and been shown computationally to provide significantly enhanced permeability compared to polyamide while maintaining excellent ability to reject salt. 10 Moreover, recent work of Surwade et al. has further experimentally realized such single--layered nanoporous graphene membranes and demonstrated their potential in desalination at the lab scale. 11 However, the production of nanoporous graphene membranes with perfectly sized nanopores still remains a great challenge. Moreover, to allow unprecedentedly high water fluxes, it is of great importance to achieve a pore density as high as possible while preventing pores from overlapping, a goal best achieved with a well--ordered pore structure. Seeking membranes with naturally ordered pores of an ideal size presents an important alternative to nanoporous graphene m...

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“…Tsoukleri et al [119] have used Raman spectroscopy to measure the strain by applying compression and tension loads to the graphene mono layer and reported a strain of 1.3% and 0.7% in tension and compression respectively. Lee et al [120] have reported the use of AFM to measure Young's modulus and strength of graphene and reported…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%