Elaboration of High-grade Chloramine from Ternary and Quaternary Ammoniacal Combinations and Hypochlorite at 100 Chlorometric Degrees

Abstract

High-grade chloramine is prepared in batch and in continuous mode starting from mixed ammoniacal solutions and hypochlorite at hundred chlorometric degrees.

Emulsion Explosives: A Tutorial Review and Highlight of Recent Progress

“…An alternative route to chemically sensitising EEs relies on a reaction between ammonium nitrate and hypochlorites [ 25 ]. Although the reaction is described as less hazardous than chemical sensitising with the use of thiourea, this may be debatable, as the reaction yields chloramine as an intermediate product, which may be transformed into highly toxic hydrazine, depending on the reaction conditions [ 26 ]. Another potential issue of this invention is that the rate of sensitisation is difficult to control, even with the use of a variety of surfactants, due to the high reactivity of the reagents.…”

Ammonia–dimethylchloramine system: Kinetic approach in an aqueous medium and comparison with the mechanism involving liquid ammonia

“…The first method was forbidden because of the toxicity of the nitrosamines 14; the second method has two main disadvantages, namely the low concentration of the reagents, especially chloramines, and the great number of secondary reactions 15–17. Several solutions are proposed: Working under optimum conditions of synthesis, ensuring excess amine to kinetically favor step (1) rather than the secondary reactions 15–21. Increasing the initial concentration of NH 2 Cl by using a more concentrated solution of hypochlorite ions 15,22,23, since the concentration of commercial solutions of hypochlorite does not exceed 2.2 M. …”

“…Increasing the initial concentration of NH 2 Cl by using a more concentrated solution of hypochlorite ions 15,22,23, since the concentration of commercial solutions of hypochlorite does not exceed 2.2 M.…”