Elaboration of cellulose based nanobiocomposite: Effect of cellulose nanocrystals surface treatment and interface “melting”

Timhadjelt, Lamia; Sérier, Aîcha; Belgacem, Mohamed Naceur; Bras, Julien

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.02.040

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…All the modified CNCs contained these grafted alkane chain (CH 2 ) peak vibrations attributed to the medium fatty acid chain of lauric acid. Moreover, the transmittance intensity of broad hydroxyl vibration of CNC has reduced progressively with the increase in the degree of substitution indicating the substitution of the -OH with the fatty acid [21]. For the high DS CNC (DS 2.4), the broad -OH band seemed to completely disappear as the grafted alkane chain replaced most of the hydroxyl group of the nanocellulose.…”

Section: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (Ftir)mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The dispersion was then heated to 90°C, and a calculated quantity of lauroyl chloride and catalyst pyridine were added dropwise under agitation. Three levels of lauroyl chloride (5%, 10%, and 20%), and about 2% of pyridine were added to the dispersion similar to a method reported before [20,21] with some modifications. The reaction was then carried out at 110 o C for 1h under constant stirring.…”

Section: Esterification Modification Of Cnc With Acid Chloridementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Contrarily, all the distinctive peaks of the CNC were no longer observed in the highly modified samples (DS 2.4). Rather, a strong new XRD peak appeared at 20 o , which could be attributed to crystallized fatty acid chains [21,25].…”

Section: X-ray Diffractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrophobic esterification of cellulose nanocrystals for epoxy reinforcement

Trinh

Mekonnen

2018

Polymer

122

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The reinforcing effects of native and modified cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) materials on thermosetting epoxies are investigated. CNC modification is conducted by grafting an activated medium chain fatty acid to substitute the hydroxyl functional group. The level and effect of CNC modification is evaluated using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), elemental analysis (EA), thermal analysis, contact angle measurements, and solvent dispersability studies. The EA shows that CNCs with a degree of substitution (DS) of 0.2, 0.8 and 2.4 is obtained depending on the concentration of the catalyst and reactant used in the process. The native and modified CNCs are then incorporated into epoxy resin via an in situ polymerization. Dynamic mechanical analysis, and stress -strain studies showed that the lightly modified CNCs (DS 0.2 and DS 0.8) have an impressive reinforcing effect. CNC with DS 0.2 at 5% loading resulted in a 77% and 44% improvement in the tensile strength and modulus of the baseline epoxy matrix, respectively indicating significant reinforcement. Such materials can be useful in structural composites, printed circuit boards, and adhesive applications. An improvement in the dispersion and an enhanced interfacial adhesion between the modified CNC and the epoxy matrix is proposed for the observed reinforcement. A higher degree of fatty acid grafting onto the CNC resulted in a hydrophobic material, which reduced the water uptake of the epoxy nanocomposites.

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Section: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (Ftir)mentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Esterification Modification Of Cnc With Acid Chloridementioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrophobic esterification of cellulose nanocrystals for epoxy reinforcement

Trinh

Mekonnen

2018

Polymer

122

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“…The presence of these sulfate groups on the surface of the CNC creates electrostatic charges, which decrease the strong self‐interaction of nanocellulose due to van der Waals interaction. Other studies showed that the introduction of functional groups on the surface of the nanocrystals is also able to improve the dispersion quality. Pei et al investigated the dispersion quality of nanocellulose modified by n ‐dodecyldimethylchlorosilane using TEM.…”

Section: Isolation Of Cnc By Acid Hydrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalized cellulose nanocrystals as reinforcement in biodegradable polymer nanocomposites

et al. 2017

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This review describes the use of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) as fillers in biodegradable polymer matrices over the past few years. The preparation and characterization of CNC‐based nanocomposites are highlighted here with a focus on thermophysical and mechanical properties. The characterization and isolation of nanocellulose from different raw material sources are discussed in detail, as well as different surface modifications. The addition of CNC in biodegradable polymer, combined with nanocellulose surface engineering and driven by sustainability trends, has the potential to impact various industrial sectors. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:E9–E29, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers

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“…This results in insufficient stress transfer from matrix to the reinforcing fibers restricting the mechanical properties of natural fiber reinforced composites (NFC). In order to enhance the interfacial adhesion, natural fibers are generally modified by physical methods such as plasma and corona discharge [ 9 , 10 , 11 ] as well as chemical treatments e.g., esterification, etherification, or oxidation [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. A widely applied chemical method is the treatment of cellulose with silane coupling agents [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Surface Modified Cellulose Utilizing TGA-MS

et al. 2016

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With the aim to enhance interfacial adhesion of a hydrophobic polymer matrix and cellulosic fibers and fillers, chemical surface modifications with silane coupling agents are performed. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) could be used to determine the degree of surface functionalization. However, similar thermal properties of treated and untreated cellulose hamper a precise determination of silane loading. This contribution deals with quantitative determination of silane loading combining both TGA and elemental analysis. Firstly, silane modified celluloses were studied by FT-IR, Raman, solid state NMR spectroscopy, and polarized light microscopy in order to determine functional groups and to study the impact of chemical treatment on cellulose morphology. Secondly, thermal stability and pyrolysis processes were studied by TG-MS analysis. In order to determine the exact silane loading, the mass percentages of the appropriate elements were quantified by elemental analysis and correlated with the charred residues determined by TGA yielding a linear dependency. With that correlation, it was possible to determine silane loadings for additional samples utilizing simple TGA measurements. The main advantage of that approach is that only one calibration is necessary for routine analyses of further samples and TGA-MS coupling gives additional information on thermal stability and pyrolysis routes, simultaneously.

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Elaboration of cellulose based nanobiocomposite: Effect of cellulose nanocrystals surface treatment and interface “melting”

Cited by 17 publications

References 30 publications

Hydrophobic esterification of cellulose nanocrystals for epoxy reinforcement

Hydrophobic esterification of cellulose nanocrystals for epoxy reinforcement

Functionalized cellulose nanocrystals as reinforcement in biodegradable polymer nanocomposites

Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Surface Modified Cellulose Utilizing TGA-MS

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