Functionalized cellulose nanocrystals as reinforcement in biodegradable polymer nanocomposites

Abstract

This review describes the use of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) as fillers in biodegradable polymer matrices over the past few years. The preparation and characterization of CNC‐based nanocomposites are highlighted here with a focus on thermophysical and mechanical properties. The characterization and isolation of nanocellulose from different raw material sources are discussed in detail, as well as different surface modifications. The addition of CNC in biodegradable polymer, combined with nanocellulose surface engineering and driven by sustainability trends, has the potential to impact various industrial sectors. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:E9–E29, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers

Three‐Dimensional Printing of Methacrylic Grafted Cellulose Nanocrystal‐Reinforced Nanocomposites With Improved Properties

“…Before tests, the CNC-g-MA was washed with hot deionized water and ethanol to remove the unreacted small molecule monomers. There is almost no difference between the modified and unmodified CNC and the two FTIR absorption spectra both contain characteristic absorption peaks of cellulose, such as OH stretching at 3382 cm −1 , C H and CH 3 stretching at 2856-2949 cm −1 and the asymmetric O C O stretching at 1,367-1,384 cm −1 [36,37]. However, the generation of a new band around 1,731 cm −1 signified the successful modification of the CNC, which corresponds to the stretching vibration of the generated ester group, as depicted in Fig.…”

An overview on properties and applications of poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate)–PBAT based composites

“…However, the weak compatibility between the most of filler with PBAT (low polarity polymer) is one of the main problems, which can limit their broad application. Surface modification of filler is an effective way to improve wetting of the filler by the PBAT while providing superior interfacial compatibility given the numerous interaction sites [40]. Pinheiro et al [82] prepared PBAT-based composites with different concentration of modified cellulose nanocrystals (MCNC).…”

“…However, many challenges remain in this field as well as opportunities waiting to be overcome and incorporated in order to improve the composite performance and allow its industrial-scale preparation [39]. Some examples concern issues related to overcome common problems of filler dispersion, interaction between filler/matrix and reduction filler content [40].…”

Design and Synthesis of Fluorescent Nanocelluloses for Sensing and Bioimaging Applications

“…The aspect ratio of CNCs is much smaller than that of CNFs, and present a rod‐like structure at the micro level . The high crystallinity and low aspect ratio result in high Young's modulus of 20–50 GPa, such that CNCs are often used as reinforcement materials . The raw materials and hydrolysis conditions have important effects on the size, crystallinity, and dispersion of the resulting CNCs.…”

“…[12] The high crystallinity and low aspect ratio result in high Young's modulus of 20-50 GPa, such that CNCs are often used as reinforcement materials. [13,14] The raw materials and hydrolysis conditions have important effects on the size, crystallinity, and dispersion of the resulting CNCs. Surprisingly, Marchessault et al have discovered that CNC in water dispersion exhibits liquid crystal properties when at high concentration, which is a particularly valuable photonic property that depends on long range, ordered, chiral nematic helical structures.…”