Elaboration d'un cadastre d'émissions de polluants primaires dans la région Nord-Pas-de-Calais. Les transports automobiles

Abstract

ln a given area, in order to address the study of air quali ty by using a computer model, it is necessaryto have a large number of input data of three types : photochemical smog precursors emissions, meteorological parameters, monitoring networks data. It is easy to have quite rapidly the two last mentioned data bycontacting Meteo-France and the regional monitoring networks. Nevertheless at the moment few emission inventories areavailable in France. Thus we had to make out a cadastral grid in the region we are studying. This sizeable work has been divided in two parts : on one hand the development of a man-made emissions data base of whi ch the part concerning mobile sourcesis presented in this paper ; on theotherhandthe cadastral biogenic emissionsto be presented ina forthcomingpaper. ln thiswork we fulfilled an invent oryincluding the biggest industrialsources and the road vehicl esemissions in theregion. The mobile sou rces inventory requires the detailed knowledge of the regional trallic, of the car fleet, and of the vehicles emissions factors. The evaluati on of vehicl es traffic has been made by using, for the main roads, the POLEMI softwaredeveloped byour team and supplied withODE data; for the urban units, ei ther tralli c data from citytransport ation services whenavailable orthe eu ropean CORINAIRmethodology. ln a forthcoming paper we will state that the data thus obtained have been used as input data in the UAM IV model concerning the modelling of a phot ochemical smog episodein the Nord-Pas-de-Calai s area. Afairly good agreement has been obtained, namely concerning the Lille city conurbation. Résumé Pour représenter à l'aide d'unmodèle informatique laqualité del'air d'une région choisie il faut di sposer d'un grand nombre dedonnées detrois types : les émissions depolluants précurseursdu smog photochimique, les paramètres météorologiques ai nsi que les données des réseaux demesurede lazone considérée. Il est aisé de disposer assez rapidement des deux derniers types de bases de données en contactant Météo-Fr ance et les réseaux de mesures. En revanche, il existe encorepeu de données concernant les cadastres d'émission français. Il a donc été nécessaire d'établir un cadastrepour la région que nous avons étudiée. Ce travail très lourd d'élaboration d'un cadastre d'émissions primaires de polluants a été scindé en deux parties: d'une partl'élaborati on du cadastre d'émissi ons anthropiques lié auxactivités humaines, etla partieconcernantles émissionsdessources automobiles est développéedans cet articl e ; d'autrepartcelledu cadastred'émission biogéniques dites aussi " émissions naturelles ", qui donnera lieu à une prochaine publication. Dans ce travail a été réalisé un inventaire des sources mobiles (traficautomobile) de la région prenant en compte les véhicules particuliers, les utilitaires légers ainsi que les poidslourds. L'inventaire des sources automobiles nécessite diverses données telles que la représentation du trafic régional, la connaissance du parc automobile dela région ainsi que l'utilisation ...

Modelling of motor vehicle operation for the evaluation of pollutant emission and fuel consumption

“…They can be assigned into three general groups: -methods based on the assumption of a predefined time history of the relative vehicle velocity, which refers to the maximum velocity; -methods based on the principle of faithful time-domain simulation of the time history of the vehicle velocity; -other methods, based on the analysis of the velocity process characteristics in other domains, such as time, frequency, or process values. The criterion for assessing the adequacy of the driving cycles is the similarity between zero-dimensional characteristics of the velocity processes in the driving cycles and during actual vehicle operation [1,7,23]. Those characteristics may be determined in the domains of: time, independent variable of the integral transformation of a time history of the vehicle velocity (usually frequency), or process values [7].…”

“…Another example of the vehicle driving test cycles is the system of test cycles developed at a French institute INRETS (Institut National de Recherche sur les Transports et leur Sécurité, i.e. National Institute of Transport and Safety) [23].…”

Correlational investigation of air pollutant emissions and fuel consumption of motor vehicle in various dynamic conditions

“…Another example of vehicle driving test cycles is the system of test cycles developed at a French institute INRETS (Institut National de Recherche sur les Transports et leur Sécurité, i.e. National Institute of Transport and Safety) (Nollet et al, 2000). At PIMOT (Automotive Industry Institute) in Warsaw, families of vehicle driving test cycles have been prepared (Chłopek et al, 2013b), which simulate the conditions of motor car drives in street congestion, urban, extra-urban, and high-speed (motorway and expressway) traffic.…”

Correlational Analysis of Pollutant Emission Intensity in Various Conditions of Operation of the Automotive Internal Combustion Engine

“…Within the implementation of the European Artemis program (https://artemis-ia.eu), a system of Common Artemis Driving Cycles has been prepared, which consists of test cycles that simulate motor car drives in various traffic conditions (André et al 2009; Barlow et al 2009;Delphi Technologies 2016). Another example of vehicle driving test cycles is the system of test cycles developed at a French National Institute for Transport and Safety Research (Institut national de recherche sur les transports et leur sécurité -INRETS) (Nollet et al 2000;Delphi Technologies 2016).…”