Article citation info: (*) Tekst artykułu w polskiej wersji językowej dostępny w elektronicznym wydaniu kwartalnika na stronie www.ein.org.pl Chłopek Z, BiedrZyCki J, LAsoCki J, WóJCik p. Assessment of the impact of dynamic states of an internal combustion engine on its operational properties. eksploatacja i Niezawodnosc -Maintenance and reliability 2015; 17 (1)
Increased use of biofuels raises concerns about health effects of new emissions. We analyzed relative lung health effects, on Fisher 344 rats, of diesel engine exhausts emissions (DEE) from a Euro 5-classified diesel engine running on petrodiesel fuel containing 20% rapeseed methyl esters (B20) with and without diesel particulate filter (DPF). One group of animals was exposed to DEE for 7 days (6 h/day), and another group for 28 days (6 h/day, 5 days/week), both with and without DPF. The animals (n = 7/treatment) were exposed in whole body exposure chambers. Animals breathing clean air were used as controls. Genotoxic effects of the lungs by the Comet assay, histological examination of lung tissue, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) markers of pulmonary injury, and mRNA markers of inflammation and oxidative stress were analyzed. Our results showed that a minor number of genes related to inflammation were slightly differently expressed in the exposed animals compared to control. Histological analysis also revealed only minor effects on inflammatory tissue markers in the lungs, and this was supported by flow cytometry and ELISA analysis of cytokines in BALF. No exposure-related indications of genotoxicity were observed. Overall, exposure to DEE with or without DPF technology produced no adverse effects in the endpoints analyzed in the rat lung tissue or the BALF. Overall, exposure to DEE from a modern Euro 5 light vehicle engine run on B20 fuel with or without DPF technology produced no adverse effects in the endpoints analyzed in the rat lung tissue or the BALF.
A novel approach to modelling of motor vehicle operation by employing special test cycles threated as realizations of the stochastic process of vehicle velocity is presented. The families of test cycles were designed to simulate driving conditions in street congestion, urban, extra-urban, and high-speed traffic. The data necessary for the development of test cycles was obtained in the empirical investigations conducted in real road traffic. The recorded velocity time-histories were analysed in the time, frequency, and process value domains. Fragments of the velocity vs. time curves, representative for the considered driving conditions, were selected to design test cycles. The statistical examination of those test cycles demonstrated that individual process realizations are similar to each other and to all the process realizations recorded during the empirical tests.
In dynamic conditions, the functional properties of internal combustion (IC) engines in steady thermal state depend on time histories of the quantities that characterize the intensity of engine operation. For the automotive engine, the most important process that determines the engine operation is the vehicle speed process. To evaluate the impact of the conditions of operation of motor vehicles on the properties of their IC engines, the investigation of passenger car speed processes in the conditions of typical vehicle use was taken up. The recorded speed vs. time curves were treated as realizations of stochastic processes and basic characteristics of the processes were determined. The vehicle motion was modelled as motion in the street congestion, urban, extra-urban, and high-speed traffic conditions. Based on empirical tests and analyses carried out, sets of passenger car speed vs. time curves have been proposed as realizations of model processes representing the vehicle motion in the conditions under consideration.
The pollutant emission from automotive internal combustion (IC) engines is highly susceptible to engine operation states determined by vehicle velocity processes. The article presents results of comparative examinations of specific distance pollutant emission characteristics determined from various vehicle driving tests. The specific distance pollutant emission was determined using vehicle type-approval and special tests as well as tests developed at the Automotive Industry Institute (PIMOT), treated as realizations of the stochastic process of vehicle velocity. The research results confirmed high susceptibility of the IC engine pollutant emission to the engine operation states, which endorses the usefulness of treating the conditions of operation of automotive engines as stochastic processes.
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