Elaboration and Properties of an Oil-in-Water Nanoemulsion Loaded with a Terpene-Enriched Oil Mixture Obtained Biotechnologically

Abstract

Biotechnological production is an economical and sustainable pathway to produce some natural terpenes of major industrial importance such as limonene (LIM) and α-terpineol (α-TOH). Thus, in this article, the raw and nonpurified product obtained from the LIM biotransformation (mixture of soybean oil, LIM, and α-TOH), namely as a biotransformation product (BP), was encapsulated into nanoemulsion (NEs) using Quillaja saponins as a natural small-molecule surfactant. Since the long-term physicochemical stability of the NEs is questionable, the emulsion was kept at different storage temperatures (5, 25, 50 °C) up to 280 days, turbidity and mean droplet diameter being selected as destabilization criteria. Furthermore, gas chromatography was applied to track and monitor the concentration of LIM and α-TOH that could be retained in NEs over time. The NEs that were kept at both 5 and 25 °C were considered stable up to the 280th day, although these monoterpenes were more retained in an emulsion stored at 5 °C. The results also showed that the NEs displayed substantial physicochemical stability at room temperature, indicating that the encapsulation of the BP may work as an alternative natural-friendly nanocolloidal system to deliver these monoterpenes in foodstuff.

Encapsulation of D-Limonene into O/W Nanoemulsions for Enhanced Stability

“…Therefore, the increasing storage temperature causes LM to move out from the disperse phase and undergo greater oxidation. Although both emulsions stored at 5 °C and 25 °C had similar droplet sizes ( Figure 3 a and Figure 4 a), however, it was found that LM losses were higher at 25 °C than at 5 °C, probably due to the volatilization as well as oxidation of the compound [ 17 , 35 , 36 ]. The results revealed outstanding chemical stability of the LM-loaded emulsions indicating a suitable emulsification method for LM.…”

“…The i-PeakFinder algorithm was used to do automatic peak integration. The sample preparation procedure was adapted from [ 17 ]. LM retention was calculated utilizing the following equation: where, L 0 and L t are the concentrations of LM in emulsions after emulsification and each interval time (5 days), respectively.…”

Recent Development in Essential Oil-Based Nanocarriers for Eco-Friendly and Sustainable Agri-Food Applications: A Review

“…Formulated eucalyptus NEms showed a very high EE, stability, and a sustained release of emamectin benzoate. Felipe et al formulated a stable NEm of biotransformation product (mixture of soybean oil, limonene, and α-terpineol) using saponins as surfactants. NEms were found stable at 5 and 25 °C for 280 days, and no change in terpineol and limonene was reported for 70 days.…”