Elaborating on the Effects of Early Offending: a Study of Factors that Mediate the Impact of Onset Age on Long-Term Trajectories of Criminal Behavior

Gann, Shaun M.; Sullivan, Christopher J.; Ilchi, Omeed S.

doi:10.1007/s40865-015-0003-4

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Overall, violent-plus youth, or the criminally versatile, appear to be the most high-risk offender type among the three groups. In addition, the observation of lowest age at first charge among versatile violent youth suggests that they would be at risk of persistent future offending ( Gann, Sullivan, & Ilchi, 2015 ), though it is noted that the age differences between them and the other two groups were very small. Findings imply that rehabilitation for versatile violent youth needs to be administered at a high intensity and also incorporate program that break the cycle of continuous offending.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Violent and Nonviolent Youth Offenders

Lai¹,

Zeng

Chu

2015

Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice

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Youth violence is a costly social problem. This study compared the risk and needs of nonviolent youth offenders, with those who had committed violent offenses only (violent only) and those who had committed violent and nonviolent offenses (violent plus) to determine whether violent youth were a different “type” from nonviolent youth. The case files of 3,744 youth offenders (3,327 males and 417 females, between 12 and 18 years old) were retrospectively coded, before official recidivism records were obtained. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), χ2, and Cox regressions were conducted. Violent-plus youth were younger; higher in their total risk and all criminogenic needs; more likely to have several noncriminogenic needs; and at higher risk of any reoffending, violent reoffending, and nonviolent reoffending than nonviolent youth. Violent-only youth had the same total risk and risk of general and violent recidivism as nonviolent offenders but presented different criminogenic and noncriminogenic needs and risk of nonviolent recidivism. Compared to violent-only youth, violent-plus youth were younger, had higher total risk and criminogenic needs on five domains, were more likely to have several noncriminogenic needs, and were at higher risk of all types of reoffending (except sexual reoffending), suggesting subtypes of violent youth offenders. The implication is that nonviolent and violent youth offenders require different dosage and types of intervention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Violent and Nonviolent Youth Offenders

Lai¹,

Zeng

Chu

2015

Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice

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“…These included sex (female ¼ 0, male ¼ 1, 3 percent female, 97 percent male), race (white ¼ 0, black ¼ 1, 81 percent white, 19 percent African American), age of arrest onset (mean ¼ 25.7, SD ¼ 13.76, range ¼ 7-78), and total arrest charges (mean ¼ 13.16, SD ¼ 13.83, range ¼ 1-84). Arrest onset is a robust predictor of offending severity with offenders arrested earlier in life at greater liability for deviance than those arrested later in life (DeLisi and Piquero, 2011;Gann et al, 2015;Patterson et al, 1998). Age of arrest onset is a proxy of criminal propensity and the higher that propensity, generally the earlier misconduct will emerge.…”

Section: Controlsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse childhood experiences, paraphilias, and serious criminal violence among federal sex offenders

Drury¹,

Heinrichs²,

Elbert³

et al. 2017

JCP

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Purpose Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are a broad conceptual framework in the social sciences that have only recently been studied within criminology. The purpose of this paper is to utilize this framework by applying it to one of the most potentially dangerous forensic populations. Design/methodology/approach Archival data from 225 federal sex offenders was used to perform descriptive, correlational, and negative binomial regression models. Findings There was substantial evidence of ACEs including father abandonment/neglect (36 percent), physical abuse (nearly 28 percent), verbal/emotional abuse (more than 24 percent), and sexual abuse (approximately 27 percent). The mean age of sexual victimization was 7.6 years with the youngest age of victimization occurring at the age of 3. Offenders averaged nearly five paraphilias, the most common were pedophilia (57 percent), pornography addiction (43 percent), paraphilia not otherwise specified (35 percent), exhibitionism (26 percent), and voyeurism (21 percent). The offenders averaged 4.7 paraphilias and the range was substantial (0 to 19). Negative binomial regression models indicated that sexual sadism was positively and pornography addiction was negatively associated with serious criminal violence. Offenders with early age of arrest onset and more total arrest charges were more likely to perpetrate kidnaping, rape, and murder. Originality/value ACEs are common in the life history of federal sex offenders, but have differential associations with the most serious forms of crime.

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“…In longitudinal studies, the number of identified trajectories usually ranges between two and five, and these trajectories differ according to the method chosen as well as to the population targeted (Blokland et al, 2005; Boers and Reinecke, 2007; Bushway et al, 2003; Dahle, 2005; Evans et al, 2016; Farrington et al, 2006; Loeber et al,1993; Moffitt, 1993; Moffitt et al, 1996; Murphy et al, 2012; Nagin and Land, 1993; Piquero, 2008; Prein and Schumann, 2003; Sampson and Laub, 2003; Stelly and Thomas, 2005; Thornberry, 2005; Walters, 2012). Typically, there is a large share of approximately 50 percent of non-delinquently involved (or at least hardly involved) individuals in these studies, which often focus on birth cohorts or the general population (see more recent publications, for example Boers et al, 2010; Gann et al, 2015; Murphy et al, 2012; Odgers et al, 2008, Piquero et al, 2010). If only studies using latent group-based trajectory models that identify unobserved heterogeneity in longitudinal datasets are taken into account, as was done in a systematic review by Jennings and Reingle (2012), a range of two to seven groups can be identified.…”

Section: Trajectories Of Delinquency: Theoretical Concepts and Empirical Distinctionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relative stability of deviance and delinquency from childhood to adulthood has been described in the above-mentioned concept of state dependence (Farrington, 1989, 1992; Tracy and Kempf-Leonard, 1996) or cumulative disadvantages (Sampson and Laub, 1993). In various works, involvement in delinquency has been shown to increase the probability of future offending because individual and social circumstances and chances are negatively impacted by the preceding behaviour (Farrington, 2015; Gann et al, 2015; Loeffler, 2013; Nagin and Paternoster, 1991; 2000; Nieuwbeerta et al, 2004). Hence, many recent studies have continued to find childhood risk factors and an early onset of offending to be the best predictors of persistent offending (Baglivio et al, 2015; Bosick et al, 2015; Day et al, 2014).…”

Section: Causes Of Stability and Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Trajectories of delinquency among young adult prisoners

Taefi

Hosser

2019

European Journal of Criminology

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Using latent class growth analysis, this prospective longitudinal study aimed to identify different trajectories of delinquency among prisoners ( N = 2352) of youth correctional facilities. Criminal behaviour was monitored with crime register data on individuals from ages 14 to 25. Analyses revealed four developmental pathways: early- and late-starting desisters (31.8 percent and 5.2 percent, respectively) and early- and late-starting persisters (21.2 percent and 41.8 percent, respectively). The effects of potential risk and protective factors from multiple domains (individual, family, peer and social factors) were analysed with analyses of variance and χ² tests for each of the distinct trajectory groups. The quantity of risk factors was higher throughout the observation period in the persisting groups. Cumulative disadvantages could often be found in the persistent trajectories when low social bonds and low commitment to social norms persisted until (early) adulthood. Similarly, higher social capital and social competencies were more prevalent among offenders who desisted from crime, regardless of the severity of their offences committed as adolescents.

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Elaborating on the Effects of Early Offending: a Study of Factors that Mediate the Impact of Onset Age on Long-Term Trajectories of Criminal Behavior

Cited by 15 publications

References 48 publications

Violent and Nonviolent Youth Offenders

Violent and Nonviolent Youth Offenders

Adverse childhood experiences, paraphilias, and serious criminal violence among federal sex offenders

Trajectories of delinquency among young adult prisoners

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