El Niño related coral bleaching in Palau, Western Caroline Islands

Bruno, John F.; Siddon, Christopher E.; Witman, Jon D.; Colin, Patrick L.; Toscano, Marguerite A.

doi:10.1007/s003380100151

Cited by 147 publications

(139 citation statements)

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“…Personal observations and extensive qualitative surveys in 1998 prior to the bleaching, and extensive spot checks in 2001 (Table 1) showed that the protected reefs within the bays continued to support stands of Acropora colonies (YG and SV, personal observations), the most thermally vulnerable corals during the bleaching event (Loya et al 2001). Other habitats supported very few or no Acropora colonies, a consequence of high-mortality in 1998 (Bruno et al 2001); therefore, it is suggested that the bays suffered less in the 1998-thermal stress event for reasons proposed below.…”

Section: Palau's Reefs In Contextmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Bruno et al (2001) reported wide-scale coral bleaching and high mortality on the reefs of Palau in 1998 (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Coral Bleachingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Maragos et al (1994), in an extensive spatial survey in 1992 showed high overall coral cover, except on the Northeastern exposed reef. While Bruno et al (2001), reported wide-scale coral bleaching and coral mortality on the inner lagoon reefs during the 1998 thermal stress event. A nation-wide spot check survey of the reefs in 2001 showed low, overall coral cover (Table 1).…”

Section: Palau Micronesiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Differential species survival leads to marked changes in species composition and community structure, which Loya et al (2001) termed the 'winners and the losers' to describe such differential selective pressures and consequent outcomes. An interesting twist however, is that while Acropora and pocilloporids were clearly the 'losers' in the thermal stress event of 1998 (Bruno et al 2001;Loya et al 2001), these weedy species were common on many of the shallow reefs of Palau in 2005. This contrasts with a reduced dominance on the heavily human populated island of Okinawa where Acropora species and pocilloporids had not returned to the shallow reefs of many localities, at least in 2004, near high human population centers .…”

Section: Community Shiftsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Palau’s coral reefs show differential habitat recovery following the 1998-bleaching event

et al. 2007

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Documenting successional dynamics of coral communities following large-scale bleaching events is necessary to predict coral population responses to global climate change. In 1998, high sea surface temperatures and low cloud cover in the western Pacific Ocean caused high coral mortality on the outer exposed reefs of Palau (Micronesia), while coral mortality in sheltered bays was low. Recovery was examined from 2001 to 2005 at 13 sites stratified by habitat (outer reefs, patch reefs and bays) and depth (3 and 10 m). Two hypotheses were tested: (1) rates of change of coral cover vary in accordance with habitat, and (2) recovery rates depend on recruitment. Coral cover increased most in the sheltered bays, despite a low recruitment rate, suggesting that recovery in bays was primarily a consequence of remnant regrowth. Recruitment densities were consistently high on the wave-exposed reefs, particularly the western slopes, where recovery was attributed to both recruitment and regrowth of remnants. Recovery was initially more rapid at 10 m than 3 m on outer reefs, but in 2004, recovery rates were similar at both depths. Rapid recovery was possible because Palau's coral reefs were buffered by remnant survival and recruitment from the less impacted habitats.

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Section: Palau's Reefs In Contextmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Bruno et al (2001) reported wide-scale coral bleaching and high mortality on the reefs of Palau in 1998 (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Coral Bleachingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Palau Micronesiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Community Shiftsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Palau’s coral reefs show differential habitat recovery following the 1998-bleaching event

et al. 2007

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“…Furthermore, it did not rain for half-a-year on the Palau Islands and the surface temperature of the outer sea rose by1 to 4 ºC, resulting in a large salinity increase (Iijima et al, 2005). It was reported that a large number of marine organisms such as corals and jellyfishes died at the time (Bruno et al, 2001). We also observed that adults of golden and moon jellyfishes inhabiting the JFM lake disappeared in 1999.…”

Section: Historical Changes Of Lagoon Populations In S Orbicularismentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity and Evolution of Marine Animals Isolated in Marine Lakes

Hanzawa¹,

Gotoh²,

Sekimoto³

et al. 2012

Analysis of Genetic Variation in Animals

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Galápagos coral reef persistence after ENSO warming across an acidification gradient

Manzello

Enochs

Bruckner

et al. 2014

Geophysical Research Letters

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Anthropogenic CO2 is causing warming and ocean acidification. Coral reefs are being severely impacted, yet confusion lingers regarding how reefs will respond to these stressors over this century. Since the 1982–1983 El Niño–Southern Oscillation warming event, the persistence of reefs around the Galápagos Islands has differed across an acidification gradient. Reefs disappeared where pH < 8.0 and aragonite saturation state (Ωarag) ≤ 3 and have not recovered, whereas one reef has persisted where pH > 8.0 and Ωarag > 3. Where upwelling is greatest, calcification by massive Porites is higher than predicted by a published relationship with temperature despite high CO2, possibly due to elevated nutrients. However, skeletal P/Ca, a proxy for phosphate exposure, negatively correlates with density (R = −0.822, p < 0.0001). We propose that elevated nutrients have the potential to exacerbate acidification by depressing coral skeletal densities and further increasing bioerosion already accelerated by low pH.

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El Niño related coral bleaching in Palau, Western Caroline Islands

Cited by 147 publications

References 0 publications

Palau’s coral reefs show differential habitat recovery following the 1998-bleaching event

Palau’s coral reefs show differential habitat recovery following the 1998-bleaching event

Genetic Diversity and Evolution of Marine Animals Isolated in Marine Lakes

Galápagos coral reef persistence after ENSO warming across an acidification gradient

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