El modelo global psicológico de las lesiones deportivas [A global psychological model of the sportive injuries]

Abstract

En parte, este trabajo se ha realizado gracias a la ayuda 05691/PPC/07 (Fundación Séneca, Agencia Regional de Ciencia y Tecnología de Murcia), y a la ayuda 2008/09RM de la Cátedra Real Madrid.Universidad Europea de Madrid. ResumenLa relación entre factores psicológicos y lesiones deportivas ha sido objeto de estudio por los investigadores desde hace años, y aunque se pueden establecer líneas de investigación muy claras, sigue existiendo una gran dispersión de datos, teorías y conceptos. Partiendo de este estado de cosas, se ha considerado la necesidad de definir un modelo global psicológico de lesiones deportivas, que sea comprensivo, multi-conceptual, predictivo y demostrable empírica y/o experimentalmente. En este trabajo se presenta el Modelo Global Psicológico de las Lesiones Deportivas (MGPsLD), con los tres ejes que lo definen: un eje causal, un eje temporal y un eje conceptual. Asimismo, se revisan las variables psicológicas y situacionales del MGPsLD más relevantes aparecidas en la literatura científica; y, finalmente, se determinan las consecuencias metodológicas que se derivan del uso de este modelo. Por último, se discute la necesidad de la validación del modelo, en sus tres ejes, lo que implica el desarrollo de una estrategia global de estudios empíricos. AbstractThe links between psychological factors and sportive injuries have been studied from many time ago, and besides the existence of clear research lines, the field remains as a set of dispersed data, theories and concepts. From this assumption, the authors have designed a global psychological model of the sportive injuries, with the following features: comprehensive, multi-conceptual, predictive and ready to be proved both empirically and experimentally. In this paper we present the Global Psychological Model of the Sportive Injuries (MGPsLD) composed by three axis: Causal Axis; Temporal Axis; and Conceptual Axis. Also, we study the situational and psychological variables form the point of view of the MGPsLD, extracted from the scientific literature; and, finally, we determine the methodological consequences derived from the use of such model. Lastly, we discuss the need for the validation of the model, in its three axis, which implies the development of a global strategy of a set of empirical studies.

Personality, Coping Strategies, and Mental Health in High-Performance Athletes During Confinement Derived From the COVID-19 Pandemic

“…Due to the unexpected force of the COVID-19 outbreak's social impact, researchers from around the world and from a wide variety of disciplines responded promptly, applying accessible and previously applied models most of the time. In the case of sports psychology, the first model used was the well-known Model of Sports Injuries [(43), MGLD: (9)] due to the similarity in the interruption of activity and the inherent uncertainty of the return to normal sports conditions, especially in long-term injuries. In the latest formulations, this model had added other variables such as self-efficacy (44) and environmental factors to the primary concepts of anxiety and stress.…”

“…The Global Psychological Model of Sports Injury [MGPLD; (9)] proposes that variables such as motivation, competitive anxiety, psychosocial stress, and coping mechanisms influence the different moments of the injury (before, during, and after). From this perspective, we consider that the confinement situation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic can have significant psychological effects on athletes, similar to those seen in people who carry out daily tasks in confinement also evidenced in studies about sports withdrawal (partial or total) because of sports injury.…”

A Bayesian Approach to Sport Injuries Likelihood: Does Player’s Self-Efficacy and Environmental Factors Plays the Main Role?

“…A global look at the set of variables studied and their location in the BN graph indicates a relevant data, regarding the global model of sports injuries ( Olmedilla and García-Mas, 2009 ): probabilistic analysis has influenced the chain of events toward the psychological consequences of the injury. In other words, the psychological variables (self-efficacy, coping, locus of control, anxiety, and risk perception) studied have been placed in the graph as consequences of the injury, not as antecedents or triggers.…”

“…From an applied point of view, if we consider the sports injury to be almost an “inevitable” event in the athlete’s career, we can understand a possible probabilistic meaning of the BN graph: The chances of a good psychological outcome increase if we focus on the injury’s recovery, the return to sports practice and the prevention of possible later injuries. This approach would allow to correctly encompass the findings of this BN into the Olmedilla and García-Mas’s (2009) Global Psychological Model of Sport Injuries if we understood it not just sequentially, but as a way to express a feedback loop.…”

“…Likewise, according to Wiese-Bjornstal et al’s (1998) “Integrated Model of Psychological response to Sport Injury,” when the athlete sustains an injury, it has also an effect on such psychological variables which, in turn, contribute to either promoting or hampering the rehabilitation process. Moreover, the interactive and cyclic nature of the relationships among these psychosocial variables may bring to a stress-injury-stress loop hard to interrupt, according to Olmedilla and García-Mas (2009) Global Psychological Model of Sports Injuries (see Olmedilla et al, 2015 ).…”