El-Gidida iron ores and their origin, Bahariya oases, Western Desert, U.A.R

Basta, E. Z.; Amer, H. I.

doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.64.4.424

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The lower part of the exposed Bahariya Formation is characterized by the abundance of ferruginous sandstones altered by local weathering ultimately promoting the formation of prominent iron crusts (El Aref et al, 1999;Tanner and Khalifa, 2010;Afify, 2016). Based on field observations the timing of Fe-mineralization was dated as post-Middle Eocene (Nakhla, 1961;El Akkad and Issawi, 1963;Basta and Amer, 1969).…”

Section: Stratigraphymentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentric Structures and Hydrothermal Venting in the Western Desert, Egypt

et al. 2019

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Section: Stratigraphymentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentric Structures and Hydrothermal Venting in the Western Desert, Egypt

et al. 2019

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“…They neither inherited calcareous coated grains that were subsequently replaced by iron-bearing solution (e.g. El Hinnawi, 1965;Basta & Amer, 1969) nor formed as lateritic ooids and pisoids in hinterlands that were subsequently reworked into the shallow marine environments (Siehl & Thein, 1989).…”

Section: Origin Of the Bahariya Ironstonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facies analysis and palaeoclimatic significance of ironstones formed during the Eocene greenhouse

2014

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Lower and middle Eocene ironstone sequences of the Naqb and Qazzun formations from the north-east Bahariya Depression, Western Desert, Egypt, represent a proxy for early Palaeogene climate and sea-level changes. These sequences represent the only Palaeogene economic ooidal ironstone record of the Southern Tethys. These ironstone sequences rest unconformably on three structurally controlled Cenomanian palaeohighs (for example, the Gedida, Harra and Ghorabi mines) and formed on the inner ramp of a carbonate platform. These palaeohighs were exposed and subjected to subaerial lateritic weathering from the Cenomanian to early Eocene. The lower and middle Eocene ironstone sequences consist of quiet water ironstone facies overlain by higher energy ironstone facies. The distribution of low-energy ironstone facies is controlled by depositional relief. These deposits consist of lagoonal, burrow-mottled mud-ironstone and laterally equivalent tidal flat, stromatolitic ironstones. The agitated water ironstone facies consist of shallow subtidal-intertidal nummulitic-ooidal-oncoidal and back-barrier storm-generated fossiliferous ironstones. The formation of these marginal marine sequences was associated with major marine transgressive-regressive megacycles that separated by subaerial exposure and lateritic weathering. The formation of lateritic palaeosols with their characteristic dissolution and reprecipitation features, such as colloform texture and alveolar voids, implies periods of humid and warm climate followed major marine regressions. The formation of the lower to middle Eocene ironstone succession and the associated lateritic palaeosols can be linked to the early Palaeogene global warming and eustatic sea-level changes. The reworking of the middle Eocene palaeosol and the deposition of the upper Eocene phosphate-rich glauconitic sandstones of the overlying Hamra Formation may record the initial stages of the palaeoclimatic transition from greenhouse to icehouse conditions.

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“…They are generally associated with ferruginous sandstones, clays (cretaceous), and limestone (middle Eocene). Although the Egyptian iron ores have been mined and exploited since the time of the Pharaohs, there exist only limited studies of their geochemical, mineralogical, and physical properties . There are two main locations of Egyptian iron ore deposits, namely in the northeast of Aswan city and in the western desert at Bahariya oases.…”

Section: Geological Point Of Viewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These deposits are confined to middle Eocene limestone. The genesis of the Bahariya iron ore deposits is a matter of debate, ranging from pure sedimentary origin to metasomatic replacement origin . Bahariya iron ore deposits are generally capped by an alluvial cover and/or quartzite.…”

Section: Geological Point Of Viewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of standardless analysis algorithms using WDXRF and XRD for Egyptian iron ore identification

2012

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On the basis of fundamental parameter approaches, the validity of standardless wavelength dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (WDXRF) and X‐ray powder diffraction algorithms was confirmed for analyzing Egyptian iron ore samples collected from two different locations, Aswan and Baharyia. The studied Egyptian iron ores represent different depositional environments and consequently exhibit variable mineralogical and chemical compositions. In the case of WDXRF analysis, the ground powders of iron ore samples were mixed and pressed with low contamination binder in a mass ratio of wax: sample = 4: 0.9 g at 120 kN cm−2. A standardless method for quantitative WDXRF was employed, which requires accurate determination of the amount of organic material in the sample. On the basis of differential thermal analysis, a new method is introduced for the determination of loss of ignition. With the application of the proposed method and standardless quantitative analysis, results for 12 elements in iron ores were obtained: Fe, Mn, Mg, Si, Al, Ca, Na, K, S, Ba, Zn, and Cl. The reliability and precision of the adopted procedure were tested against a standard reference material ‘Iron ore concentrate (SRM 690, NIST, USA)’. The quantitative analysis results of the certified reference material were found acceptable. Depending on the WDXRF results, the powder samples were directly introduced to X‐ray powder diffraction goniometry, and the phase compositions were quantitatively determined by using a standardless analysis program based on Rietveld method. The main phases of all iron ore samples are the hematite and goethite, whereas other phases are found with varying ratios, namely quartz, nordstrandite, rhodochrosite, kaolinite, todorokit, bassanit, andydrite, and hydroxyapatite. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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El-Gidida iron ores and their origin, Bahariya oases, Western Desert, U.A.R

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Concentric Structures and Hydrothermal Venting in the Western Desert, Egypt

Concentric Structures and Hydrothermal Venting in the Western Desert, Egypt

Facies analysis and palaeoclimatic significance of ironstones formed during the Eocene greenhouse

Utilization of standardless analysis algorithms using WDXRF and XRD for Egyptian iron ore identification

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