“…In addition, the globalized nature of the modern world underscores the importance of considering diverse cultural, political, and economic perspectives. In the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, shaped by automatization, artificial intelligence, digitalization and integration of emerging technologies, the relevance of promoting complex thinking is based on the need to prepare students to face the challenges and take advantage of the opportunities that arise in a world characterized by rapid technological advances, global interconnections and constant change (Domínguez, 2020;Ramírez-Montoya, Álvarez-Icaza, Sanabria-Z, López-Caudana, Alonso-Galicia & Miranda, 2021). In this sense, complex thinking empowers students to analyze intricate webs of global interdependencies, fostering a nuanced appreciation of multifaceted global challenges and the development of context-sensitive solutions (Forsman, Linder, Moll, Fraser & Andersson, 2012;Gröschl & Gabaldon, 2016;Rojas, Ramírez-Montoya, Mazo-Cuervo & Lopez-Caudana, 2022).…”