Ejector performance influence on a solid oxide fuel cell anodic recirculation system

Marsano, Francesco; Magistri, Loredana; Massardo, Aristide F.

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2003.11.034

Cited by 134 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Supersonic ejectors are used when there is a need to generate a high pressure difference: in the supersonic regime, the primary flow can entrain a high quantity of suction fluid because of the lower-pressure at the nozzle exit and high momentum transfer. Main energy applications are fuel cell recirculation systems [37], i.e., molten carbonate fuel cells [38,39] and solid oxide fuel cells [40,41], ejector metal topping power plants [42,43], ejector organic Rankine cycles [44] and ejector refrigeration systems (ERS), which are the topic of this review.…”

Section: Nozzle Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ejector refrigeration: A comprehensive review

Besagni

Mereu

Inzoli

2016

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

390

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a b s t r a c tThe increasing need for thermal comfort has led to a rapid increase in the use of cooling systems and, consequently, electricity demand for air-conditioning systems in buildings. Heat-driven ejector refrigeration systems appear to be a promising alternative to the traditional compressor-based refrigeration technologies for energy consumption reduction. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review on ejector refrigeration systems and working fluids. It deeply analyzes ejector technology and behavior, refrigerant properties and their influence over ejector performance and all of the ejector refrigeration technologies, with a focus on past, present and future trends. The review is structured in four parts. In the first part, ejector technology is described. In the second part, a detailed description of the refrigerant properties and their influence over ejector performance is presented. In the third part, a review focused on the main jet refrigeration cycles is proposed, and the ejector refrigeration systems are reported and categorized. Finally, an overview over all ejector technologies, the relationship among the working fluids and the ejector performance, with a focus on past, present and future trends, is presented.

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Section: Nozzle Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ejector refrigeration: A comprehensive review

Besagni

Mereu

Inzoli

2016

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

390

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“…The water/ethanol ratio has been set in order to operate the system in safe conditions towards the carbon Deleted: /…in-stack Deleted: imposed …to be …reforming required …for a NG…feeding than for an… feeding…aspect …fully evident in… …4.7 instead …of …with NG Deleted: In terms of the ethanol fuel mixture…, t…chosen …with respect to…carbo ... [24] ... [23] ... [20] ... [21] ... [22] ... [26] ... [19] ... [25] ... [27] Page 25 of 90 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 Figure 11, using the CEA chemical equilibrium software [24], the mixture equilibrium composition as a function of temperature are plotted for a liquid volumetric EtOH/H 2 O ratio of 60/40 (the ratio shifts to 33.3/66.7 with the species in the gas phase). The graph shows how the water content in the mixture is already enough to suppress carbon deposition at temperatures above 600 °C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notably are those reported in [19][20][21][22][23][24][25]; among these, only Riensche et al [19,20], Marsano et al [21], Milewski et al [22] and Campanari [23] have included an ejector model in their simulations. Of these, just…”

Section: System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ejector is required to provide the reformer with a sufficient amount of steam, which has to be enough to fully reformate the NG hydrocarbons (of which CH 4 is the most abundant) as well as to avoid carbon deposition on the catalyst present in the reformer or in the piping within the generator. The ejector behaviour for SOFC applications is well described in [21,[28][29][30]. The fluid-dynamic equations used in this work are those proposed by Zhu et al [28,29].…”

Section: Ejectormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Residential Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Generator Fuelled by Ethanol: Cell, Stack and System Modelling with a Preliminary Experiment

Lanzini¹,

Santarelli²,

Orsello³

2010

Fuel Cells

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The flexibility and feasibility of a 5 kW SOFC generator designed for natural gas (NG) and fuelled by a non‐conventional liquid fuel such as ethanol is analysed. A complete generator model is implemented to predict and determine the main criticalities when ethanol fuel is adoperated. The main balance‐of‐plant (BoP) units considered are the reformer, the recirculation system based on an ejector, the tubular cells bundles constituting the stack unit, the after‐burner zone and the air blower. The electrical and global efficiencies achieved at nominal operating conditions show how ethanol maintains generator performance good, while only slightly reducing the system AC efficiency from 48% (achieved by NG) to 45%. The effectiveness and flexibility of the recirculation system when changing the fuel is also verified since a safe steam‐to‐carbon ratio (STCR) is established after the fuel is switched from NG ethanol. The stack thermal management is analysed in detail and related to the system performances, showing how a high endothermic fuel reforming reaction is required to maintain the overall system efficiency. A preliminary experiment with ethanol feeding the Siemens generator is finally presented. The system response to the new fuel is monitored by several measured parameters and the system regulation is explained.

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“…To solve this problem, some studies have suggested the multistructural ejector such as variable nozzle ejector and hybrid recirculate system with additional equipment. [6][7][8][9] However, these approaches still have some practical limitations such as leak problem, mechanical complexity, the consumption of additional electricity power, and frequent equipment errors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cathodic Recirculation System Using a Dual-ejector to Improve Oxygen Utilization of a Submarine Fuel Cell

Kim¹,

Sohn²,

Lee³

2010

Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society

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: In terms of the system efficiency, it is very useful to apply the ejector into the fuel recirculation system of a fuel cell system since the ejector needs no parasitic power to operate. Since the conventional automotive fuel cell use hydrogen and air as their fuel, the only hydrogen is needed to be recirculated for the better fuel efficiency. On the other hand, the submarine fuel cell needs both hydrogen and oxygen recirculation systems because the submarine drives under the sea. In particular, the cathodic recirculation has to meet the tougher target since the oxygen based pressurized stack generally used in the submarine applications generates the significant amount of the water in the stack during the operation. Namely, the oxygen utilization has designed less than 50% in the whole operating range for the better exhausting of the generated waters. And thereby in terms of the oxygen utilization, the entrainment ratio of the ejector should be more than 1 within the whole operating range. However, the conventional ejector using a constant nozzle can not afford to satisfy the mentioned critical requirement. To overcome the problem, the dual-ejector and its control strategy are designed. The performance of the proposed dual-ejector is verified by the experiments based on the real operating conditions of the target submarine system. Furthermore, the proposed design method can be used for the other fuel recirculation system of a large-scale fuel cell system with the critical requirement of the fuel utilization.

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Ejector performance influence on a solid oxide fuel cell anodic recirculation system

Cited by 134 publications

References 9 publications

Ejector refrigeration: A comprehensive review

Ejector refrigeration: A comprehensive review

Residential Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Generator Fuelled by Ethanol: Cell, Stack and System Modelling with a Preliminary Experiment

Cathodic Recirculation System Using a Dual-ejector to Improve Oxygen Utilization of a Submarine Fuel Cell

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