Ejecta Transport, Breakup and Conversion

Buttler, W. T.; Lamoreaux, S. K.; Schulze, R.; Schwarzkopf, John D.; Cooley, J. C.; Grover, M.; Hammerberg, J. E.; Lone, B. M. La; Llobet, Anna; Manzanares, R.; Martinez, J. I.; Schmidt, D. W.; Sheppard, Daniel; Stevens, G. D.; Turley, W. D.; Veeser, L. R.

doi:10.1007/s40870-017-0114-6

Cited by 34 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…This was subsequently confirmed both theoretically (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11) and experimentally (12)(13)(14). At pressures of about 100 GPa, stable hydrides with high hydrogen content, such as NbH 6 (5), FeH 5 (10,12), LaH 10 (14), ThH 10 (9), UH 8 (8), SnH 14 (6) and AcH 16 (11) were found to be thermodynamically stable.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…The practical interest comes from the processes of inertial thermonuclear fusion (15), which are often accompanied by separation of ejecta particles from the interior surface of the fuel target. In (16), it was shown that at their initial stage at the pressure of 3 atm, ejecta with a radius of approximately 1 µm can form hydrides within 1 µs. With further increase of pressure, the saturation degree of the ejecta with hydrogen can significantly increase, and this will negatively affect the amount of pure hydrogen in the system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Titanium-hydrogen interaction at high pressure

Mazitov

Oganov

Yanilkin

2018

Journal of Applied Physics

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The process of transport of metal particles (ejecta) in gases is the subject of recent works in the field of nuclear energetics. We studied the process of dissolution of titanium ejecta in warm dense hydrogen at megabar pressure. Thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the process were investigated using classical and quantum molecular dynamics methods. We estimated the dissolution time of ejecta, the saturation limit of titanium atoms with hydrogen and the heat of dissolution. It was found that particles with a radius of 1 µm dissolve in hydrogen in time of 1.5 · 10 −2 µs, while the process of mixing can be described by diffusion law. The presented approach demonstrates the final state of the titanium-hydrogen system as a homogenized fluid with completely dissolved titanium particles. This result can be generalized to all external conditions under which titanium and hydrogen are atomic fluids. Invariant tensor polynomials (34) Neural networks (35)Using ab initio data on energies and forces of relatively small systems, a ML potential can be trained by adjusting internal parameters, and then used to predict the behavior of large systems. arXiv:1802.08292v2 [cond-mat.mtrl-sci]

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Titanium-hydrogen interaction at high pressure

Mazitov

Oganov

Yanilkin

2018

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…Preliminary validation tests were performed by modeling the early stages of cerium ejecta experiments where the ejecta particles react with D 2 gas and show a rise in temperature relative the the surrounding gas. Complete details on these experiments and the postshock conditions calculated using hydrodynamic simulations can be found in [30,31]. The experiment consists of a high explosive that sends a shock wave through a cerium plate that is machined so that ejecta particles are created with a mean diameter of 13µm.…”

Section: Verification and Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It's known [29] that droplets with sufficiently small Ohnesourge numbers and Weber numbers below a critical value of 11 the droplets are relatively stable and do not breakup much further. In more recent studies [30,31] of shocked cerium and tin in vacuum, helium and deuterium gases, cerium ejecta particles react with deuterium gas to form cerium dihydride. The exothermic reaction raises the temperature of the particles relative to the gas temperature by up to 400-500 K. In these experiments [30,31] the tin particles are liquid with an observed mean diameter of 2 µm while the cerium particles are solid with a mean diameter of 13µm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In more recent studies [30,31] of shocked cerium and tin in vacuum, helium and deuterium gases, cerium ejecta particles react with deuterium gas to form cerium dihydride. The exothermic reaction raises the temperature of the particles relative to the gas temperature by up to 400-500 K. In these experiments [30,31] the tin particles are liquid with an observed mean diameter of 2 µm while the cerium particles are solid with a mean diameter of 13µm. A wide range of particle combustion models exist and are summarized in [32,33,34] among others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A simple hydride model for cerium ejecta particles

Regele

Harrison

Schwarzkopf

et al. 2020

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Cerium ejecta particles form after a shock wave impacts a cerium plate with a known roughness or prescribed surface perturbation. When these particles are ejected into hydrogen or deuterium gas the material reacts exothermically and raises the temperature of the particle relative to the gas. A simple model is developed, assuming that the particle remains intact and spherical, to capture the heat and mass transfer that occurs during this process. Model performance is evaluated by comparing with cerium ejecta experiments where the particles are ejected into deuterium gas at initial pressures of 4 and 8 atm. Overall, the model is able to capture the approximately 400 K increase in particle temperature above the surrounding gas temperature.

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