Einstein, Relativity and Gravitation Research in Vienna before 1938

Havas, Péter

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-0639-2_5

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…like the electric and magnetic constants in Maxwell's electrodynamics (54), satisfy an analogous relation √ ε g µ g = 2/c.…”

Section: Gravitomagnetism and Critical Assessment Of Kottler's Approamentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Now we have to take recourse to the vacuum constitutive relations. Substituting the Maxwell-Lorentz constitutive relation for vacuum (54) into (136), we obtain…”

Section: Dilaton Metric Axionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was sent to Einstein and Pauli in order to help FK to find a position in the US. Havas [54], in a monograph by Goenner, Renn, Ritter, and Sauer [48], gave a very insightful review of the development of the relativity theory in Austria from 1900 to 1938, Therein the role of Kottler is also clearly visible. An obituary of FK of the Vienna University can be found under [89].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On Kottler's path: Origin and evolution of the premetric program in gravity and in electrodynamics

Hehl

Itin

Obukhov

2016

Int. J. Mod. Phys. D

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In 1922, Kottler put forward the program to remove the gravitational potential, the metric of spacetime, from the fundamental equations in physics as far as possible. He successfully applied this idea to Newton's gravitostatics and to Maxwell's electrodynamics, where Kottler recast the field equations in premetric form and specified a metric-dependent constitutive law. We will discuss the basics of the premetric approach and some of its beautiful consequences, like the division of universal constants into two classes. We show that classical * Based on an invited talk given at the Annual Meeting of the German Physical Society (DPG) in Berlin on 20 March 2015, "Working Group on Philosophy of Physics (AGPhil)". We sincerely thank Dennis Lehmkuhl (Wuppertal, now Pasadena) and his co-organizers Meinard Kuhlmann (Mainz) and Wolfgang Pietsch (Munich) [92] for the invitation. In the present version, we appreciably enriched our text by adding more formalism. We apologize to the philosophers for any inconvenience. A short version of this paper will be submitted to the International Journal of Modern Physics D.

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“…like the electric and magnetic constants in Maxwell's electrodynamics (54), satisfy an analogous relation √ ε g µ g = 2/c.…”

Section: Gravitomagnetism and Critical Assessment Of Kottler's Approamentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Now we have to take recourse to the vacuum constitutive relations. Substituting the Maxwell-Lorentz constitutive relation for vacuum (54) into (136), we obtain…”

Section: Dilaton Metric Axionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On Kottler's path: Origin and evolution of the premetric program in gravity and in electrodynamics

Hehl

Itin

Obukhov

2016

Int. J. Mod. Phys. D

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“…This also happened to Schrödinger at the university in Graz who regularly lectured in Vienna (cf. [41] p. [190][191][192]. Thus, no further research on general relativity was done in Vienna until after World War II.…”

Section: The Impact Of the Nazi Rulementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Vienna, quite a few physicists and mathematician had followed Einstein's work already before its culmination in 1915 [41]. Best known among them are Friedrich Kottler (1886Kottler ( -1965, Hans Thirring (1888Thirring ( -1976, Josef Lense (1890Lense ( -1985, Ludwig Flamm (1885-1964 and Erwin Schrödinger (1887Schrödinger ( -1961.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

General relativity and the growth of a sub-discipline “gravitation” in Germany

Goenner

2017

EPJ H

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2 Before World War II: Research and teaching by single scientists 2.1 The early years of general relativity 2.1.1 Progress during World War I: 1915 to 1918 After a long maturing period, general relativity was completed in November 1915 with field equations suggested by the physicist Albert Einstein [7] and the mathematician David Hilbert [8]. (For the priority debate, cf. [9], [10], [11], [12], [13].) Unlike in the case of special relativity, the physicists around Einstein in Berlin were slow in accepting the new theory. In a letter to Arnold Sommerfeld, he expressed perfect satisfaction about his achievement, but held: "[..] but none of the peers has recognized up to now the depth and necessity of this path." In particular, Max Planck and Max von Laue were not open to his considerations of principle [14]. Nevertheless, already in 1916 and 1917 three of the best known and most useful exact solutions of Einstein's field equations were found. The first, describing an isolated finite spherically symmetric mass-distribution at rest, was communicated to Einstein already in December 1915 by his colleague in Berlin, the astronomer Karl Schwarzschild (1873-1916), then in Russia with the German army. The result was published in 1916 [15], [17], [16]. In the same year, a student of Hendrik Antoon Lorentz in Leiden, Johannes Droste (1886-1963), in his dissertation independently presented this same (Schwarzschild) solution [20]. 4The aircraft-designer and professor at the Technical University in Berlin-Charlottenburg, Hans Reissner (1874-1967), followed with an exact solution for a time-independent, isolated, electrically charged spherically symmetric mass [21]. It was rediscovered in 1918 by Gunnar Nordström [22]. The third important solution, the de Sitter-solution, is described further below. Einstein himself propagated his new gravitational theory in an article [23] and in a book for everbody (with some physics education) [24]; in a number of papers he also worked out consequences of the theory, among others for cosmology and gravitational waves [27]. Also in 1916, the astronomer Erwin

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Einstein in Prague: Relativity Then and Now

Bičák

2014

General Relativity, Cosmology and Astrophysics

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Einstein, Relativity and Gravitation Research in Vienna before 1938

Cited by 6 publications

References 72 publications

On Kottler's path: Origin and evolution of the premetric program in gravity and in electrodynamics

On Kottler's path: Origin and evolution of the premetric program in gravity and in electrodynamics

General relativity and the growth of a sub-discipline “gravitation” in Germany

Einstein in Prague: Relativity Then and Now

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