Eine räumlich integrierende optische Methode für die Messung vertikaler Temperatur- und Wasserdampfgradienten in der untersten Atmosphäre

Brocks, Karl

doi:10.1007/bf02247004

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The method is based on the refraction of light passing through the atmosphere, and it is in principle identical to the method of Brocks (1940Brocks ( , 1954. A special observation scheme yields true rather than weighted line averages of the meteorological parameters.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is of considerable importance that the refraction angle PA for a zenith angle observation at A to B would require a weighting function in the integral (Brocks, 1954). For the mean wavelength of the visible spectrum the refractivity p of air is given with sufficient accuracy (Barrel and Sears, 1939) for the present purpose as: p = 79 x 1o-6 (p -O.l4e)/T (6) where p is the total air pressure in mb, T is the temperature in K, and e is the water vapour pressure in mb.…”

Section: Optical Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notes on the early history of such a method can be found in Brocks (1940), Fleagle (1950) and Paperlein (1975). A detailed account of this optical method using theodolite observations was given by Brocks (1954). Brocks used the method for the remote measurement of temperature gradients in the air layers between mountain peaks (Brocks, 1940) as well as in the atmospheric surface layer (Brocks, 1954).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A detailed account of this optical method using theodolite observations was given by Brocks (1954). Brocks used the method for the remote measurement of temperature gradients in the air layers between mountain peaks (Brocks, 1940) as well as in the atmospheric surface layer (Brocks, 1954). Another variation of this optical method consists of measurements with an artillery rangefinder (Fleagle, 1956;Aggarwal and Kaw, 1967;Paperlein, 1975).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of line averages of sensible heat flux using an optical method

Brunner

1982

Boundary-Layer Meteorol

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An optical method is discussed for the determination of the line average of the vertical temperature gradient, which is subsequently used for the calculation of the scaling temperature and of the sensible heat flux. The method requires conventional surveying instrumentation only, and the measurements are carried out easily. The attainable accuracy is estimated as 10% or better. Observations are also possible during night or light-wind conditions. In a field experiment, results from this optical method were compared with measurements taken with a conventional covariance eddy-flux instrument. Excellent agreement between both methods was found.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Optical Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of line averages of sensible heat flux using an optical method

Brunner

1982

Boundary-Layer Meteorol

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“…If the distance between two such stations is not too long, the path of the light ray can be assumed as part of a vertical circle. Brocks (1954), amongst others, showed that, along a horizontal surface, the curvature of a light path is directly proportional to the air-temperature gradient: …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Movement of the Ward Hunt Ice Shelf, Ellesmere Island, N.W.T., Canada

Dorrer

1971

J. Glaciol.

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ABSTRACT. The movement at a marginal location on the Wa rd Hunt I ce Shelf, northern Ellesmere I sland , was determined by repeated survey measurem ents with theodolite and geodimeter. The purpose and duration of tbe field work, and red uction of the observational da ta a re described, and the resulting mean ice velocity of 0.53 m year-I is discussed. Strain-rates of a 1 km by 1 km deformation figure are determined. The parameters nand B of Glen's power flow law a re d etermined by using the eq uations given by Nye and Weertman. The results are compa red with experimental data. Computed ice stresses show that the " ridge-and-trough" structure on th e ice shelf surface is not o riginated by internal ice forces. The elevations of all survey markers h ave been d etermi ned from vertical-angle measurements, a nd the peculiarities of atmospheric refraction in near-surface layers a re discussed .

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