2004
DOI: 10.1002/ange.200460122
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Eine flexible, palladiumkatalysierte Indol‐ und Azaindolsynthese durch direkte Anellierung von Chloranilinen und Chloraminopyridinen mit Ketonen

Abstract: Indole spielen eine herausragende Rolle als privilegierte Strukturen in biologischen Systemen: [1] Eine Vielzahl biologisch aktiver Natur-und Wirkstoffe leitet sich vom Indolgrundkörper ab und interagiert mit einer Fülle biologischer Targets.[2] Daher ist die Entwicklung einer einfachen, generellen und insbesondere regioselektiven Synthese dieses Grundkörpers von fortwährendem Interesse.[3] Palladiumkatalysierte Verfahren zum Aufbau solcher Indolgerüste unter Beteiligung von ortho-Alkinylanilin-Intermediaten [… Show more

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Cited by 34 publications
(3 citation statements)
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“…Although both mechanisms ( A→B / B′→C / C′→D / D′ and A→B→E→D ) are consistent with our experimental results, we favor the latter on energetic grounds, assuming the reaction conditions allow for rapid deprotonation of B 14. This mechanistic proposal differs from the traditional Heck mechanism proposed (or implied) in previous studies on N ‐arylenamine cyclizations of this type 6c. d, 15…”
Section: Methodscontrasting
confidence: 80%
“…Although both mechanisms ( A→B / B′→C / C′→D / D′ and A→B→E→D ) are consistent with our experimental results, we favor the latter on energetic grounds, assuming the reaction conditions allow for rapid deprotonation of B 14. This mechanistic proposal differs from the traditional Heck mechanism proposed (or implied) in previous studies on N ‐arylenamine cyclizations of this type 6c. d, 15…”
Section: Methodscontrasting
confidence: 80%
“…on the desired azaindole products. The synthesis of such 5‐halo‐4‐azaindoles has already been reported in the literature from appropriate aminochloropyridines and aldehydes or ketones by palladium‐catalyzed cyclization 17…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Unsymmetrical alkynes gave the corresponding indole 5 and 6 with complete regiocontrol in 56 % and 82 % yields, respectively (Table 2, entries 2 and 3). Aldehydes and ketones could also be used as coupling partners by using 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) instead of the carbonate base 4l. Under these modified reaction conditions, 2‐iodobenzoic acid was converted into 3‐benzylindole ( 7 ) in 50 % yield using hydrocinnamaldehyde (Table 2, entry 4).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%