Eight‐year climatology of nocturnal temperature and sodium density in the mesopause region (80 to 105 km) over Fort Collins, Co (41°N, 105°W)

She, C. Y.; Chen, Songsheng; Hu, Zhongliang; Sherman, James P.; Vance, J. D.; Vasoli, Vince; White, Michael A.; Yu, Jirong; Krueger, David A.

doi:10.1029/2000gl003825

Cited by 125 publications

(152 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…The data in Fig. 1 is in good accord with ground-based measurements at ∼40 • N (Megie and Blamont, 1977;Plane et al, 1999;States and Gardner, 1999;She et al, 2000), at 51 • N (Gibson and Sandford, 1971), at 23 • S (Clemesha et al, 1979), at 43 • S (Hunten, et al, 1964), and at 90 • S (Gardner et al, 2005). The maximum Na layer density usually occurs in OctoberNovember in the northern hemisphere (NH), and from May to August in the southern hemisphere (SH).…”

Section: Global Latitudinal and Seasonal Variationssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Megie and Blamont, 1977;Clemesha et al, 1979;Kirchhoff and Clemesha, 1983;Gardner et al, 1988;Tilgner and von Zahn, 1988;von Zahn et al, 1988;Plane et al, 1999; 265 173 2 89 80 155 254 252 224 2 52 49 161 282 221 175 4 58 41 150 227 193 184 10 57 39 143 232 292 204 14 62 35 127 290 143 122 47 25 49 82 38 82 127 144 111 53 52 33 21 17 165 74 30 75 133 31 32 83 89 55 69 274 260 76 35 61 38 4 40 71 85 80 99 392 282 74 31 43 24 21 89 99 83 72 313 309 96 33 58 15 36 123 128 80 103 443 444 110 32 46 1 21 127 126 98 135 508 534 120 29 23 25 123 123 95 165 646 511 142 40 9 17 111 122 94 139 597 552 132 37 9 120 122 97 155 625 592 136 40 66 171 133 217 660 605 The number inside each grid box is the number of integrated Na profiles that were averaged to yield the mean column density. She et al, 2000;Clemesha et al, 2004;Gardner et al, 2005). Of course, an important limitation with lidar measurements is that the instruments are usually ground-based, and thus provide only localized coverage (airborne lidars partially overcome this difficulty (Kane et al, 1991;Plane et al, 1998), but only for short campaigns).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Satellite measurements of the global mesospheric sodium layer

et al. 2007

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Abstract. Optimal estimation theory is used to retrieve the absolute Na density profiles in the mesosphere/lower thermosphere from limb-scanning measurements of the Na radiance at 589 nm in the dayglow. Two years of observations (2003 and 2004), recorded by the OSIRIS spectrometer on the Odin satellite, have been analysed to yield the seasonal and latitudinal variation of the Na layer column abundance, peak height, and peak width. The layer shows little seasonal variation at low latitudes, but the winter/summer ratio increases from a factor of ∼3 at mid-latitudes to ∼10 in the polar regions. Comparison of the measurements made at about 06:00 and 18:00 LT shows little diurnal variation in the layer, apart from the equatorial region where, during the equinoxes, there is a two-fold increase in Na density below 94 km between morning and evening. This is most likely caused by the strong downward wind produced by the diurnal tide between ∼02:00 and 10:00 LT. The dramatic removal of Na below 85 km at latitudes above 50 • during summer is explained by the uptake of sodium species on the ice surfaces of polar mesospheric clouds, which were simultaneously observed by the Odin satellite.

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Section: Global Latitudinal and Seasonal Variationssupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Satellite measurements of the global mesospheric sodium layer

et al. 2007

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“…Since integrated column densities are in general a more robust retrieval product than detailed vertical profiles, our ground-truthing focuses on the entire Na column abundance. Figure 3 compares monthly averaged Na columns retrieved from Odin in the latitude band 35-45°N with the mid-latitude lidar climatologies obtained at Ft. Collins [She et al, 2000] and at Urbana [States and Gardner, 1999]. Note that due to the lack of daylight, there are no satellite data available in the Northern hemisphere winter.…”

Section: Global Results and Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrieval of global mesospheric sodium densities from the Odin satellite

Gumbel¹,

Fan²,

Waldemarsson³

et al. 2007

Geophysical Research Letters

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[1] Satellite observations of the Na D dayglow at 589 nm provide a global database for the climatology of the mesospheric sodium layer. More than five years of Na D limb observations are available from the Optical Spectrograph and InfraRed Imager System onboard the Odin satellite. We describe a robust retrieval method that provides individual sodium density profiles with a typical accuracy of 20% and altitude resolution of 2 km. Retrieved column abundances and density profiles are validated against sodium resonance lidar measurements at mid-latitudes. Examples of the seasonal and latitudinal variation of the sodium layer illustrate Odin's potential for climatological studies of mesospheric metals. Citation:

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“…It may be noted that at 40 • N, the summer maximum lower boundary of the mesospheric ozone layer (at 85-87 km) is lower by 2-3 km than the winter maximum lower boundary. This might be related to vertical eddy diffusion in this region, which has been shown through modeling to have a strong influence on the detailed vertical distribution of ozone (Smith, 2004).…”

Section: Ozone Climatology In the Mesosphere-lower Thermosphere (Mlt)mentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The peak altitude varies in the range 90-93 km, and the vertical extent is typically ∼15 km. GOMOS data in the latitude bins 30-40 • N and 40-50 • N were compared to a series of lidar measurements acquired at Fort Collins (latitude 41 • N) (She et al, 2000). The results are generally consistent, but not fully identical.…”

Section: Detection and Climatology Of The Natural Sodium Layermentioning

confidence: 94%

Global ozone monitoring by occultation of stars: an overview of GOMOS measurements on ENVISAT

et al. 2010

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Abstract. GOMOS on ENVISAT (launched in February, 2002) is the first space instrument dedicated to the study of the atmosphere of the Earth by the technique of stellar occultations (Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars). Its polar orbit makes good latitude coverage possible. Because it is self-calibrating, it is particularly well adapted to long time trend monitoring of stratospheric species. With 4 spectrometers, the wavelength coverage of 248 nm to 942 nm enables monitoring ozone, H 2 O, NO 2 , NO 3 , air density, aerosol extinction, and O 2 . Two additional fast photometers (with 1 kHz sampling rate) enable the correction of the effects of scintillations, as well as the study of the structure of air density irregularities resulting from gravity waves and turbulence. A high vertical resolution profile of the temperature may also be obtained from the time delay between the red and the blue photometer. Noctilucent clouds (Polar Mesospheric Clouds, PMC) are routinely observed in both polar summers and global observations of OClO and sodium are achieved.The instrument configuration, dictated by the scientific objectives' rationale and technical constraints, is described, together with the typical operations along one orbit, along with the statistics from over 6 years of operation. Typical atmospheric transmission spectra are presented and some retrieval difficulties are discussed, in particular for O 2 and H 2 O.Correspondence to: J. L. Bertaux (bertaux@latmos.ipsl.fr) An overview is presented of a number of scientific results already published or found in more detail as companion papers in the same ACP GOMOS special issue. This paper is particularly intended to provide an incentive for the exploitation of GOMOS data available to the whole scientific community in the ESA data archive, and to help GOMOS data users to better understand the instrument, its capabilities and the quality of its measurements, thus leading to an increase in the scientific return.

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Eight‐year climatology of nocturnal temperature and sodium density in the mesopause region (80 to 105 km) over Fort Collins, Co (41°N, 105°W)

Cited by 125 publications

References 16 publications

Satellite measurements of the global mesospheric sodium layer

Satellite measurements of the global mesospheric sodium layer

Retrieval of global mesospheric sodium densities from the Odin satellite

Global ozone monitoring by occultation of stars: an overview of GOMOS measurements on ENVISAT

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