EHV-1 and EHV-4 infection in vaccinated mares and their foals

Foote, C.E.; Love, Daria N.; Gilkerson, James R.; Wellington, J. E.; Whalley, J. M.

doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.01.007

Cited by 35 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…After exposure, EHV-1 replicates in the upper respiratory tract. This can be associated with respiratory disorders, characterised by fever, anorexia, nasal discharge of varying severity and ocular discharge (Patel and Heldens, 2005), or the infection can be silent (Foote et al, 2006). Replication is followed by a leukocyte-associated viremia which enables EHV-1 to reach internal organs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro susceptibility of six isolates of equine herpesvirus 1 to acyclovir, ganciclovir, cidofovir, adefovir, PMEDAP and foscarnet

Garré

Meulen

Nugent

et al. 2007

Veterinary Microbiology

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Equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) is an important equine pathogen that causes respiratory disease, abortion, neonatal death and paralysis. Although vaccines are available, they are not fully protective and outbreaks of disease may occur in vaccinated herds. Therefore, there is an urgent need for effective antiviral treatment. For three abortigenic (94P247, 97P70 and 99P96) and three neuropathogenic isolates (97P82, 99P136 and 03P37), the effect of acyclovir, ganciclovir, cidofovir, adefovir, 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)-2,6-diaminopurine (PMEDAP) and foscarnet on plaque number was studied. Additionally, for isolate 97P70, the effect on plaque size was investigated. Ganciclovir was most potent in reducing plaque number, followed by PMEDAP and acyclovir. Adefovir and cidofovir were less effective and foscarnet was the least effective compound. There were no differences detected for acyclovir, ganciclovir, adefovir and PMEDAP between the abortigenic and neuropathogenic isolates. One abortigenic isolate (99P96) was more susceptible to cidofovir and two neuropathogenic isolates (99P136 and 03P37) were less susceptible to foscarnet. For isolate 97P70, all compounds resulted in a significant reduction of plaque size. The most remarkable effect was observed for cidofovir. It was 40-fold more effective in reducing plaque size than in reducing plaque number. In conclusion, ganciclovir was the most potent compound and therefore, may be a valuable candidate for the treatment of EHV-1 infections in horses. The antiviral effect of foscarnet on plaque number was highly dependent on the viral isolate tested. Therefore, it is no valuable antiviral for the treatment of herpesvirus-infections. Cidofovir, although less effective in reducing plaque number, had a strong effect on plaque size. #

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro susceptibility of six isolates of equine herpesvirus 1 to acyclovir, ganciclovir, cidofovir, adefovir, PMEDAP and foscarnet

Garré

Meulen

Nugent

et al. 2007

Veterinary Microbiology

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“…Some commercial vaccines have been shown to contribute to protection from EHV-related respiratory disease, neurological disease, and abortion under experimental conditions (2-4). Many reports have described the serological responses of vaccinated horses in the field (5)(6)(7)(8), and vaccine use is considered to be partially responsible for a reduction in the incidence of equine abortion (9)(10)(11)(12). However, the effect of vaccination on the prevalence of respiratory disease induced by EHV-1 and EHV-4 in the field has not been investigated in detail.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Successful Control of Winter Pyrexias Caused by Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 in Japanese Training Centers by Achieving High Vaccination Coverage

Bannai

Mae

Ode

et al. 2014

Clin. Vaccine Immunol.

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“…22 Although true seroprevalence against EHV-1 is difficult to determine because of widespread use of EHV vaccines in horses, recent evidence supports that exposure to EHV-1 is common during the first year of life, implicating the dam as the primary source for EHV-1 exposure in suckling foals. 4,5 As with other a-herpesviruses, primary exposure is often followed by life-long latent infection in recovered horses. Periodic reactivation of latent infections can lead to viral shedding and horizontal transmission.…”

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confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Molecular Detection of Vaccine-Derived Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 in Blood and Nasal Secretions from Horses Following Intramuscular Vaccination

et al. 2007

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Abstract. The objective of this study was to investigate whether intramuscular vaccination of healthy adult horses with a killed or a modified live equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) vaccine could induce transient positive PCR results in either blood or secretions collected on a nasopharyngeal swab. Four horses in each group received either a single killed or a modified-live vaccine intramuscularly. Two local commingled and 2 distant nonvaccinated controls were included for each group. All horses were observed daily for evidence of clinical abnormalities throughout the study periods. Blood and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected twice before vaccination and once weekly for 4 weeks after vaccination and submitted for PCR testing for EHV-1 by 2 independent laboratories using different real-time PCR methodologies. Serum samples collected from all horses on the vaccination day and 21 days later were tested for antibodies against EHV-1 using a serum neutralization test. Whereas the 2 vaccine strains tested positive in both EHV-1 PCR assays, nasopharyngeal swabs and whole blood collected from vaccinated and control horses had negative PCR test results for EHV-1 during the entire study period. Serum neutralization testing revealed a 2-to 4-fold increase in titers for all vaccinated horses, whereas titers in control horses were largely unchanged. The use of seropositive horses before immunization and the sampling frequency of 7 days may have prevented the occasional molecular detection of the vaccine virus in whole blood and nasopharyngeal secretions. However, the study results demonstrate that detection of EHV-1 DNA by PCR in vaccinated and unvaccinated healthy horses is not a common event.

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EHV-1 and EHV-4 infection in vaccinated mares and their foals

Cited by 35 publications

References 22 publications

In vitro susceptibility of six isolates of equine herpesvirus 1 to acyclovir, ganciclovir, cidofovir, adefovir, PMEDAP and foscarnet

In vitro susceptibility of six isolates of equine herpesvirus 1 to acyclovir, ganciclovir, cidofovir, adefovir, PMEDAP and foscarnet

Successful Control of Winter Pyrexias Caused by Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 in Japanese Training Centers by Achieving High Vaccination Coverage

Investigation of the Molecular Detection of Vaccine-Derived Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 in Blood and Nasal Secretions from Horses Following Intramuscular Vaccination

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