Egyptianizing Modernity through the ‘New Effendiya’

Ryzova, Lucie

doi:10.5743/cairo/9789774249006.003.0006

Cited by 21 publications

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“…As Lucie Ryzova has argued, youth of the 1930s and 1940s often saw themselves as addressing the political passivity of the 1919 generation, while that generation saw youth as troublemakers and revolutionaries and sought to co-opt them as part of a unified nationalist imperative in the face of British colonialism and European cultural hegemony. 16 Although youth were often touted as bearing the promise of the future and as purveyors of national culture in Egypt, the discourse on youth was thus inherently doubled as both peril and promise. On the one hand, adolescence conceived of as a liminal category that marked the threshold between childhood and adulthood was a perfect metaphor for the political and social transformation from colony to independent nation.…”

Section: Yo U T H a S A C At E G O Ry I N C R I S I Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Youth as Peril and Promise: The Emergence of Adolescent Psychology in Postwar Egypt

Shakry¹

2011

Int. J. Middle East Stud.

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A public discourse of "youth crisis" emerged in 1930s Egypt, partly as a response to the widespread student demonstrations of 1935 and 1936 that ushered in the figure of youth as an insurgent subject of politics. The fear of youth as unbridled political and sexual subjects foreshadowed the emergence of a discourse of adolescent psychology. By the mid-1940s, "adolescence" had been transformed into a discrete category of analysis within the newly consolidated disciplinary space of psychology and was reconfigured as a psychological stage of social adjustment, sexual repression, and existential anomie. Adolescence-perceived as both a collective temporality and a depoliticized individual interiority-became a volatile stage linked to a psychoanalytic notion of sexuality as libidinal raw energy, displacing other collective temporalities and geographies. New discursive formations, for example, of a psychology centered on unconscious sexual impulses and a cavernous interiority, and new social types, such as the "juvenile delinquent," coalesced around the figure of adolescence in postwar Egypt.

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Section: Yo U T H a S A C At E G O Ry I N C R I S I Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Youth as Peril and Promise: The Emergence of Adolescent Psychology in Postwar Egypt

Shakry¹

2011

Int. J. Middle East Stud.

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Section: Mandate Palestinian Society: Urbanisation Modernisation Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effendiya was composed typically of civil servants, professionals, politicians and in some cases also the more skilled urban working class, clearly distinct, despite its own diversity, from those 'above' and 'below' them (Shechter 2005). A more complex view of the effendiya was presented by Ryzova (2005) who considered the term to refer to a cultural and status category, portraying class aspirations no less than actual achievemements. 3 While the growth of a Palestinian middle class was constrained in comparison to neighboring countries and, as noted above, the term effendiya does not appear to have been adopted by scholars, the same basic characteristics do appear, even if on a smaller scale.…”

Section: Mandate Palestinian Society: Urbanisation Modernisation Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

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‘Buy and promote the national cause’: consumption, class formation and nationalism in Mandate Palestinian society¹

Bernstein

Hasisi

2008

Nations and Nationalism

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This article deals with patterns of consumption and of advertisement, as a field for the analysis of two major processes in the Palestinian society of Mandate Palestine: the growth of an urban middle class and the consolidation of the Palestinian national movement. The advertisements, sampled from the popular daily paper Filastin, analysed in the context of political and economic events, highlight the complex interplay between nationalism and class formation, and the contradictory tensions between the two processes. A smaller sampling in al-Difa' points to similar, though not identical, trends. This analysis also highlights new dimensions of the Jewish-Arab conflict by drawing attention to the semi-private sphere of consumption which appears to have been less segregated than the more often studied political and economic spheres.

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“…72 A number of readings of 'The Skinny Lady' are possible. She could be a selfcritique of the effendi class, which, by the 1940s, was frequently called selfish and self-focused, 73 of the effendiyya's growing size, its pretence and its alleged penchant for consumption. 74 Skinny Lady might also be a critique of the tastes of the generation of 1919 for heavy women -in other words, a means of distinguishing one political generation from another -and, thereby, a commentary on the diminished success of the Wafd.…”

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confidence: 99%

From Husbands and Housewives to Suckers and Whores: Marital‐Political Anxieties in the ‘House of Egypt’, 1919–48

Pollard

2009

Gender & History

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During the 1919 revolution, from which Egypt emerged as a nominally independent nation-state after forty years of British occupation, elite nationalists used images of their homes, marriages and domestic relations to demonstrate that they were ready for selfrule. On the eve of the July Revolution of 1952, in which a handful of military officers swept away the institutions that revolutionaries had fought for in 1919 -a constitutional monarchy, a parliament and a liberal economic structure -middle-class Egyptians used images of households in disarray to decry the failures of those institutions to flourish. This essay examines cartoons from the urban, middle-class press between the 1919 era and the late 1940s to trace the transformation of the household from its role as a site of promise, in which monogamous husbands and their educated (house)wives presaged the nation's potential, to a place of treachery and deceit, where men were suckers and women lost their virtue. It argues that, while the institution of marriage actually flourished in Egypt's inter-revolutionary period, home life served as a symbol through which middle-class Egyptians critiqued their nation's postcolonial political experience.A generation of historians working on the turbulent period between Britain's occupation of Egypt in 1882 and the military coup that secured the nation's complete independence seventy years later has used gender as a lens through which to capture how the national experience was made personal and immediate for Egyptians. They have demonstrated the various ways in which Egypt and its inhabitants were imagined and represented as gendered bodies, both by outsiders and by Egyptians themselves. 1 And they have illustrated the impossibility of separating the gendering of Egypt from that of its political struggle: nationalists of both sexes fought to save 'Egypt as a woman' from the aggressions of outsiders, and to nurture 'mother Egypt' once her independence had been secured. 2 While independent Egypt's political institutions were initially male-only spaces, the image of the nation as gendered feminine blurred the boundaries between masculine political acts and the feminine national arena in which those acts would resonate. 3 Furthermore, while women in newly independent Egypt were excluded from the political realm, and enjoined to shape the nation from their homes, men were also required to display an attachment to domestic life (along C

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Egyptianizing Modernity through the ‘New Effendiya’

Cited by 21 publications

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Youth as Peril and Promise: The Emergence of Adolescent Psychology in Postwar Egypt

Youth as Peril and Promise: The Emergence of Adolescent Psychology in Postwar Egypt

‘Buy and promote the national cause’: consumption, class formation and nationalism in Mandate Palestinian society¹

From Husbands and Housewives to Suckers and Whores: Marital‐Political Anxieties in the ‘House of Egypt’, 1919–48

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Egyptianizing Modernity through the ‘New Effendiya’

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Youth as Peril and Promise: The Emergence of Adolescent Psychology in Postwar Egypt

Youth as Peril and Promise: The Emergence of Adolescent Psychology in Postwar Egypt

‘Buy and promote the national cause’: consumption, class formation and nationalism in Mandate Palestinian society1

From Husbands and Housewives to Suckers and Whores: Marital‐Political Anxieties in the ‘House of Egypt’, 1919–48

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‘Buy and promote the national cause’: consumption, class formation and nationalism in Mandate Palestinian society¹