Egg Cold Hardiness and Topoclimatic Limitations to Outbreaks of Epirrita autumnata in Northern Fennoscandia

Tenow, Olle; Nilssen, Arne C.

doi:10.2307/2404314

Cited by 100 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Moth outbreaks in this area are known to be limited by minimum winter temperature, with a temperature lower than around-35°C known to freeze and kill over-wintering eggs (Tenow and Nilssen 1990). Increases in temperature and concurrent reductions in the number of days below-35°C have been shown to increase the range of both E. autumnata and O. brumata (Jepsen and others 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, there was an observed, although weak relationship between the density of trees and severity of defoliation. This was likely due to conditions that determine insect survival over winter through the differential probability of lethal super-cooling of eggs (Tenow and Nilssen 1990). At a larger scale, lethal winter air temperatures can be influenced by topography (Tenow and Nilssen 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was likely due to conditions that determine insect survival over winter through the differential probability of lethal super-cooling of eggs (Tenow and Nilssen 1990). At a larger scale, lethal winter air temperatures can be influenced by topography (Tenow and Nilssen 1990). At smaller scales, the availability of over-wintering sites can be the critical control of caterpillar survival and resulting defoliation (Bylund 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Slowed Biogeochemical Cycling in Sub-arctic Birch Forest Linked to Reduced Mycorrhizal Growth and Community Change after a Defoliation Event

et al. 2016

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Slowed Biogeochemical Cycling in Sub-arctic Birch Forest Linked to Reduced Mycorrhizal Growth and Community Change after a Defoliation Event

et al. 2016

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“…The frequency and intensity of these insect outbreaks are linked to the climate at local to regional scales. They can cause large scale stand mortality and former forest might be turned into tundra (Tenow & Nilssen 1990, Tenow et al 2007). This tundra produced by defoliators, together with the lowered treeline ecotone, might become a long-term state due to intensified reindeer grazing in the newly deforested areas (Kallio & Lehtonen 1975, Oksanen et al 1995, Holtmeier et al 2003, Lempa et al 2005, Neuvonen & Wielgolaski 2005, Holtmeier & Broll 2006.…”

Section: Animal Impact In Treeline Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity to environmental change of the treeline ecotone and its associated biodiversity in European mountains

Wielgolaski¹,

Hofgaard²,

Holtmeier³

2017

Clim. Res.

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Transition zones between mountain forests and treeless tundra, i.e. treeline ecotones, are characterized by great regional variety. In this paper, we discuss the biodiversity in various trophic levels in treeline ecotones throughout Europe, with particular focus on recent changes in land use and climate in northern and central mountains. In northernmost Europe, mountain birch prevails, while conifers (spruce, pine, larch) are the dominating species further south. While at continent-wide to global scales, the ecotone position is largely controlled by heat deficiency, it depends on a multitude of partly interacting abiotic and biotic factors other than climate at smaller scales. Climate change is a driving factor in treeline ecotone change, including physiognomic structure and biodiversity, although the effects of climate and other factors often overlap. Historical legacy plays an important role in this respect, and human impacts are particularly important. The recent decline in pastoral use of many European treeline areas often strongly influences plant diversity and re-growth of trees and other woody species. Climate change together with changing tree cover may influence snow cover, moisture regime, and nutrient conditions. Subsequently changed site conditions influence plant−plant interactions, favoring some species and disfavoring others, and plant−animal interactions. Native animals may cause widespread or local disturbances in treeline ecotone areas. Mass outbreaks of leaf-eating insects, for example, usually affect comparatively large forested areas whereas mammalian herbivores and birds have more local impact. However, high numbers of wild or domestic mammalian herbivores may challenge the carrying capacity of treeline ecotone areas at the same time as they preserve an open pasture character. This calls for cross-disciplinary study approaches, addressing the complexity of the ecotone regarding both causal background and biogeographic diversity.

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“…Natural mortality of insects during overwintering may be very high, especially in northern areas (Danks, 1978;Hokkanen, 1993;Leather et al, 1993), resulting in sig nificant effects on insect population dynamics (Green, 1962;Sullivan & Wallace, 1972;Tenow & Nilssen, 1990). Survival during overwintering depends on both environmental characteristics and internal physiological processes (Leather et al, 1993;Han & Bauce, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of host plant quality on overwintering success of the leaf beetle Chrysomela lapponica (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Zvereva¹

2002

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. I investigated effects of density-dependent variation in host plant quality on adult feeding and overwintering success of the leaf beetle Chrysome!a !apponica L. During pre-overwintering period adult beetles were fed in the laboratory on host plants, Sa!ix borea!is, originating from (a) a site with low density population of C. !apponica, (b) a site with peak density of C. !apponica, and (c) a post-outbreak site. Beetles fed on plants from low density and peak density sites demonstrated similar performance, whereas on plants from post-outbreak site beetles fed longer, gained more weight, and experienced greater mortality during overwin tering. Higher water content in these beetles suggests that the main reason for increased winter mortality is insufficient dehydration of the beetles' bodies, presumably due to low quality food. The total carbon concentration in host plant foliage explained variation in most beetle performance indices, while total nitrogen did not correlate with beetle performance. Damage-induced decrease in quality of host plants from post-outbreak sites (delayed inducible resistance, DIR), associated with increase in carbon-containing defensive compounds, was earlier found to increase larval mortality and thus contribute to the decline in population density of C. !apponica. Results of the current study suggest that DIR can also disturb pre-overwintering feeding and thus increase winter mortality of adult beetles, enhancing post-outbreak density decline.

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Egg Cold Hardiness and Topoclimatic Limitations to Outbreaks of Epirrita autumnata in Northern Fennoscandia

Cited by 100 publications

References 5 publications

Slowed Biogeochemical Cycling in Sub-arctic Birch Forest Linked to Reduced Mycorrhizal Growth and Community Change after a Defoliation Event

Slowed Biogeochemical Cycling in Sub-arctic Birch Forest Linked to Reduced Mycorrhizal Growth and Community Change after a Defoliation Event

Sensitivity to environmental change of the treeline ecotone and its associated biodiversity in European mountains

Effects of host plant quality on overwintering success of the leaf beetle Chrysomela lapponica (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

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