Efisiensi Usaha Tani Padi Melalui Pengembangan SUTPA

Abstract

The objective of the assessment on Rice Based Agribusiness Oriented Farming System (Sutpa) conducted in rainy season (MB) 1995/96 is to find an agribusiness development model that is capable to increase fanning efficiency and commodity's competitive advantage. The Sutpa assessment implementation main characteristics are: (1) to introduce new engineered technology packeges to enhance productivity and production efficiency; (2) to applicate technology with an economic scale; (3) to implement tight field supervision by interdicsipline team consisting of research and extension workers; (4) to applicate participatory approaches in encouraging involved farmers to play their active roles; and (5) to enhance coordination with related official and local key persons to maintain the implementation harmony beginning from its planning, implementation and evaluation. In 1995/96, Sutpa assessment implementation was concentrated in 14 provinces with an area of 46.000 Ha (92 assessment plot unit), and in the following two years it was widened in 18 and 19 provinces. Some assessment results show that rice farming using direct seeding system developed in Sutpa assessment could reduce labor utilization for 17.01 -38.56 percent and it was able to increase production and farmer's profit for 40.26 -43.74 percent and 14.12 -24.10 percent respectively compared to tilt of transplanting system. The competitive advantage analysis also shows that rice fanning direct seeding system gives a competitive profit compared to that of transplanting system's at 70.23 -82.14 percent of the existing production level. The Sutpa assessment implementation has been able to escalate new high yielding varieties and direct seeding system adoptions. PENDAHULUANSetelah pencapaian swasembacla betas tahun 1984, peningkatan produksi betas menunjukkan gejala pelandaian (leveling off), demikian pula halnya dengan produktivitas faktor produksi. Bahkan dalam beberapa tahun tertentu pencapaian produksi padi turun. Sebagai contoh pmduksi padi pada tahun 1991 menurun sebesar 2,5 persen, tahun 1994 turun 3,2 persen, dan tahun 1997 diperkirakan menurun sekitar 4,0 persen. Untuk mengamankan stok betas nasional, pada tahun-tahun tersebut pemerintah akhirnya memutuskan impor bergs dalam jumlah yang cukup besar. Di sisi lain, pertumbuhan penduduk yang masih tinggi yaitu sekitar 1,6 persen per tahun, meningkatnya pendapatan per kapita, dan berkembangnya industri makanan dan pakan mendorong permintaan akan komoditas pangan tents meningkat (PSE, 1996).Sejalan dengan tahapan dan keberhasilan pembangunan ekonomi yang telah dicapai, proses transformasi struktural perekonomian nasioV berjalan terus yang dicirikan oleh (Suryana, 1997 dan Deptan, 1996: (1) peran relatif sektor pertanian serta sumbangannya terhadap PDB dan penyerapan tenaga kerja semakin menurun, (2) pangsa ekspor bahan setengah jadi dan jadi makin besar, (3) keterkaitan antar berbagai sektor ekonomi semakin tinggi, (4) daerah pedesaan semakin terbuka, baik berupa hubungan antar desa serta antar desa dan kota m...

Sharecropping and Production Risk of Rice Farming

“…Rice is one of the high-risk crops. Cultivated outdoors, rice is highly resistant to pests and climatic conditions (Suryana et al, 2009). The risks experienced by farmers come from the use of unsuitable production inputs, pest and disease attacks, and uncertain climates.…”