Effort-Reward Imbalance at Work and the Prevalence of Unsuccessfully Treated Hypertension Among White-Collar Workers

Trudel, Xavier; Milot, Alain; Gilbert-Ouimet, Mahée; Duchaine, Caroline; Guénette, Line; Dalens, Violaine; Brisson, Chantal

doi:10.1093/aje/kwx116

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In several studies, ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) was assessed during one or several working days [ 29 , 34 , 35 ], or even repeatedly in the frame of a prospective epidemiological study over up to seven years [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ] in association with work stress measures. One of these studies performed in a group of 74 female and 26 male employees in Italy found no association of ERI with elevated ABP over two working days [ 35 ], whereas in the Vrijkotte et al study [ 29 ], an imbalance between effort and reward was associated with an average increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 4 mmHg, and this increase was not restricted to work time, but persisted during leisure time and non-work days.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Work Stress and Altered Biomarkers: A Synthesis of Findings Based on the Effort–Reward Imbalance Model

Siegrist

2017

IJERPH

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While epidemiological studies provide statistical evidence on associations of exposures such as stressful work with elevated risks of stress-related disorders (e.g., coronary heart disease or depression), additional information on biological pathways and biomarkers underlying these associations is required. In this contribution, we summarize the current state of the art on research findings linking stressful work, in terms of an established theoretical model—effort-reward imbalance—with a broad range of biomarkers. Based on structured electronic literature search and recent available systematic reviews, our synthesis of findings indicates that associations of work stress with heart rate variability, altered blood lipids, and risk of metabolic syndrome are rather consistent and robust. Significant relationships with blood pressure, heart rate, altered immune function and inflammation, cortisol release, and haemostatic biomarkers were also observed, but due to conflicting findings additional data will be needed to reach a firm conclusion. This narrative review of empirical evidence supports the argument that the biomarkers under study can act as mediators of epidemiologically established associations of work stress, as measured by effort–reward imbalance, with incident stress-related disorders.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Importantly, the double exposure of ERI and family obligations among women resulted in a significant rise in ABP after 5 years [ 40 ]. Moreover, it is instructive to know that in this prospective study, ERI was associated with significantly increased risks of untreated hypertension [ 39 ] and masked hypertension [ 41 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Work Stress and Altered Biomarkers: A Synthesis of Findings Based on the Effort–Reward Imbalance Model

Siegrist

2017

IJERPH

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“…This cohort has been described elsewhere. 13, 14 The study population was composed of all white collar workers from three large public insurance institutions in Canada. These organisations were chosen because they tend to have comparable activities as all three deliver insurance services to the general population.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Masked hypertension incidence and risk factors in a prospective cohort study

Trudel

Brisson

Gilbert-Ouimet

et al. 2018

Eur J Prev Cardiolog

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Aims Masked hypertension may affect up to 30% of the general population and is associated with a high cardiovascular disease risk. No previous study has examined the incidence of masked hypertension and its risk factors. The study aim was to determine the incidence of masked hypertension and to examine its related risk factors. Methods This is a cohort study including 1836 initially normotensive participants followed up on average for 2.9 years. Blood pressure was measured using Spacelabs 90207. Manual blood pressure was defined as the mean of the first three readings taken at rest. Ambulatory blood pressure was defined as the mean of the next readings recorded every 15 minutes during daytime working hours. Masked hypertension incidence at follow-up was defined as manual blood pressure less than 140 and less than 90 mmHg and ambulatory blood pressure at least 135 or at least 85 mmHg. Generalised estimating equations were used. Results The cumulative incidence of masked hypertension was 10.3% and was associated with male gender (relative risk (RR) 1.51, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18–1.94), older age (RR40–49 years 1.56, 95% CI 1.16–2.11, RR≥50 years 1.50, 95% CI 1.06–2.10), higher education (RRcollege 1.31, 95% CI 1.03–1.65), body mass index (RR≥27 1.43, 95% CI 1.11–1.85), smoking (RR 1.51, 95% CI 1.09–2.010) and alcohol intake (RR≥6/week 1.65, 95% CI 1.13–2.03). Conclusion The present study is the first to identify risk factors for the incidence of masked hypertension. Current guidelines for hypertension detection recommend ambulatory blood pressure in patients with an elevated blood pressure reading at the clinic. As it is impractical to measure ambulatory blood pressure in all normotensive patients, factors identified in the present study should be considered for the screening of at-risk individuals and for primary prevention of masked hypertension.

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“…Among indigenous people in Ontario (Canada), rates of cardiovascular disease and the presence of risk factors, including information about hypertension, were higher among people with lower incomes [32]. The negative role of adverse psychosocial factors on control of blood pressure among "white-collar" workers in Quebec (Canada) has also been proved [33]. In our study, hypertension was also much more common among widowers, uneducated, persons unsatisfied with living conditions and long-term unemployed people (p<0.001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural risk factors of arterial hypertension in the Evenk population of the Russian Arctic

Shadrina

Сивцева

Sivtseva

et al. 2019

International Journal of Circumpolar Health

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The urgency of the problem under study is determined by the high prevalence of arterial hypertension among the indigenous minorities of the North in modern socio-economic conditions. The following article is aimed to evaluate the prevalence of behavioural arterial hypertension risk factors according to the results of single-step epidemiological research of Evenk people in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Russian Federation. The leading approach to the study of this problem was the questioning of the population using the international questionnaire for behavioural risk factors (CYNDI). As a result of research, widespread smoking was found among native population (52.0% of men and 23.7% of women). The frequency of alcohol consumption among the male Evenki is comparable to that in the Yakut population, and among the female, the number is much lower. Evenks including young men belong to the physically inactive population. The frequency of arterial hypertension (AH) cases along with the factors listed above are significantly influenced by: marital status, employment, education, and housing conditions. Article materials may be useful for a differentiated approach in the development of prevention and rehabilitation programs for the indigenous peoples of the North.

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Effort-Reward Imbalance at Work and the Prevalence of Unsuccessfully Treated Hypertension Among White-Collar Workers

Cited by 19 publications

References 43 publications

Work Stress and Altered Biomarkers: A Synthesis of Findings Based on the Effort–Reward Imbalance Model

Work Stress and Altered Biomarkers: A Synthesis of Findings Based on the Effort–Reward Imbalance Model

Masked hypertension incidence and risk factors in a prospective cohort study

Behavioural risk factors of arterial hypertension in the Evenk population of the Russian Arctic

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