discusses the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ), designed to measure scales assessing psychological demands, decision latitude, social support, physical demands, and job insecurity. Part II describes the reliability of the JCQ scales in a cross-national context using 10,288 men and 6,313 women from 6 studies conducted in 4 countries. Substantial similarity in means, standard deviations, and correlations among the scales, and in correlations between scales and demographic variables, is found for both men and women in all studies. Reliability is good for most scales. Results suggest that psychological job characteristics are more similar across national boundaries than across occupations. This article consists of three parts. Part I introduces the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) as a tool for psychosocial job assessment. First, a description of scales and their underlying theoretical concepts is presented. This is followed by a discussion of empirical issues in the development of the questionnaire and its validity. Part I concludes with a discussion of measurement issues, administrative issues, and future challenges.

In a case-control study we assessed whether exposure to high job strain during the first 20 weeks of pregnancy increases the risk of preeclampsia and gestational hypertension. Cases (128 with preeclampsia and 201 with gestational hypertension) and controls (N = 401) were primiparous women who had a paid occupation for at least 1 week during the first 20 weeks of their pregnancy and who delivered between 1984 and 1986 in 10 hospitals of Quebec, Canada. Based on their job title, we assigned women scores of psychological demand and decision latitude derived from the National Population Health Survey and classified these women as exposed to high (high demand, low latitude) versus low (low demand, high latitude) job strain. Women exposed to high job strain were more likely to develop preeclampsia [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.1; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1-4.1] than women exposed to low job strain. The risk was quite similar for women exposed to a full-time, high strain job (> or =35 hours per week) (aOR = 2.0) than in a part-time, high strain job (aOR = 1.8). High job strain increased the risk of gestational hypertension slightly (aOR = 1.3; 95% CI = 0.8-2.2). These results indicate that women exposed to high job strain are at higher risk of developing preeclampsia and, to a lesser extent, gestational hypertension.

The models most commonly used, to study the effects of psychosocial work factors on workers' health, are the Demand-Control-Support (DCS) model and Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) model. An emerging body of research has identified Organisational Justice as another model that can help to explain deleterious health effects. This review aimed: (1) to identify prospective studies of the associations between organisational justice and mental health in industrialised countries from 1990 to 2010; (2) to evaluate the extent to which organisational justice has an effect on mental health independently of the DCS and ERI models; and (3) to discuss theoretical and empirical overlap and differences with previous models. The studies had to present associations between organisational justice and a mental health outcome, be prospective, and be entirely available in English or in French. Duplicated papers were excluded. Eleven prospective studies were selected for this review. They provide evidence that procedural justice and relational justice are associated with mental health. These associations remained significant even after controlling for the DCS and ERI models. There is a lack of prospective studies on distributive and informational justice. In conclusion, procedural and relational justice can be considered a different and complementary model to the DCS and ERI models. Future studies should evaluate the effect of change in exposure to organisational justice on employees' mental health over time.

We found little evidence that women diagnosed with breast cancer experience discrimination at work. This information may be helpful for working women concerned about employment after breast cancer.

This is the first systematic review and critical synthesis on the adverse effects of psychosocial work factors of the demand-control-support and effort-reward imbalance models on blood pressure. A more consistent effect has been observed among men than women and among studies of higher methodological quality. Evidence-based guidelines for cardiovascular diseases prevention may benefit from these findings.Affiliation: Population health research unit, St-Sacrement hospital,

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Although reassuring that adjuvant treatments did not appear to play a role in survivors' not working, other aspects of the cancer experience might nonetheless have influenced the decision to reduce work effort after breast cancer.

IMPORTANCE Mental health problems are associated with considerable occupational, medical, social, and economic burdens. Psychosocial stressors at work have been associated with a higher risk of mental disorders, but the risk of sickness absence due to a diagnosed mental disorder, indicating a more severe condition, has never been investigated in a systematic review and meta-analysis. OBJECTIVETo synthesize the evidence of the association of psychosocial stressors at work with sickness absence due to a diagnosed mental disorder among adult workers.DATA SOURCES Seven electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo, Web of Science, CINAHL, Sociological Abstracts, and International Bibliography of the Social Sciences), 3 gray literature databases (Grey Literature Report, WHO-IRIS and Open Grey), and the reference lists of all eligible studies and reviews were searched in January 2017 and updated in February 2019.STUDY SELECTION Only original prospective studies evaluating the association of at least 1 psychosocial stressor at work from the 3 most recognized theoretical models were eligible: the job demand-control-support model, including exposure to job strain (high psychological demands with low job control); effort-reward imbalance model; and organizational justice model. Study selection was performed in duplicate by blinded independent reviewers. Among the 28 467 citations screened, 23 studies were eligible for systematic review.DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS This meta-analysis followed the PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. Data extraction and risk of bias evaluation, using the Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies-Interventions tool, were performed in duplicate by blinded independent reviewers. Data were pooled using random-effect models. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Sickness absence due to a mental disorder with a diagnosis obtained objectively.RESULTS A total of 13 studies representing 130 056 participants were included in the 6 meta-analyses. Workers exposed to low reward were associated with a higher risk of sickness absence due to a diagnosed mental disorder compared with nonexposed workers (pooled risk ratio [RR], 1.76 [95% CI, 1.49-2.08]), as were those exposed to effort-reward imbalance (pooled RR, 1.66 [95% CI, 1.37-2.00]), job strain (pooled RR, 1.47 [95% CI, 1.24-1.74]), low job control (pooled RR, 1.25 [95% CI, 1.02-1.53]), and high psychological demands (pooled RR, 1.23 [95% CI, 1.04-1.45]).CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This meta-analysis found that workers exposed to psychosocial stressors at work were associated with a higher risk of sickness absence due to a mental disorder. A better understanding of the importance of these stressors could help physicians when evaluating their patients' mental health and work capacity.