Efficient water recirculation for portable direct methanol fuel cells using electroosmotic pumps

Energy harvesting system using reverse electrodialysis with nanoporous polycarbonate track-etch membranes

“…This generated power is greater than the power in the previous studies using silica nanochannels (2.9 pW) and a single‐pore polyimide membrane (26 pW) . Our RED cell can also be compared with other energy harvesting devices, and the current results show a similar or somewhat lower output power than, for example, an electrokinetic energy conversion device (pW to μW), an electromagnetic energy harvester (nW to μW), a piezoelectric energy harvester (nW to μW), and a micro fuel cell (μW to mW) . Such a comparison however should be done carefully because different energy harvesting devices are driven by different ambient energy sources, for example, mechanical work, temperature gradient, and concentration gradient.…”

Parametric study of reverse electrodialysis using ammonium bicarbonate solution for low-grade waste heat recovery

“…The net power density is defined as the power generation minus the external losses. The RED has merely the pumping loss as the external power consumption [26][27][28]. We computed the pumping power consumption as follows:…”

“…They showed that the membrane resistance can decrease with increasing the water uptake. An extensive analysis is yet to be performed for the major parameters of the NH 4 HCO 3 -RED system, compared with various conventional NaCl-RED system study [22][23][24][25][26][27]. The power reported in the previous studies is somewhat insufficient for practical applications [19,20].…”

Regulating the aggregation of colloidal particles in an electro-osmotic micropump

“…The reason for this is that in EOPs the average flow velocity is independent of the channel diameter, 11,12 unlike pressure-driven flow, where the average flow velocity decreases with the square of the channel diameter. EOP-based nanoporous membranes have been applied in various methods of analytical and physical chemistry, such as: liquidchromatography separation, 13 use of femto-liter pipettes, 14 micro-energy systems, 15 and micro-nanofluidic microchips. 16 A common challenge facing the field is that in many situations involving EOPs, there is a tendency for the microfluidic device to become clogged with aggregates of CPs.…”