Efficient upstream bandwidth utilization with minimum bandwidth waste for time and wavelength division passive optical network

Butt, Rizwan Aslam; Faheem, Muhammad; Ashraf, M. Waqar

doi:10.1007/s11082-019-2127-y

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…There are numerous optical network technologies. However, PON stands out by offering a highly efficient and cost-effective access network [1]. A PON's main feature is that it is implemented as a point-to-multipoint architecture, in which unpowered fiber optic splitters are used to enable a single optical fiber to serve multiple end-points (consumers) [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The emergence of new services using the Internet (applications such as video-ondemand, 3D high-definition television (TV), 4K, or 8K ultra-high definition (UHD), machineto-machine (M2M), cloud computing, virtual/augmented reality (VR/AR) and fifth-generation mobile network (5G), for example) will require optical networks to transport traffic with different values of quality-of-service (QoS) and bandwidth requirements [1][2][3]. As reported by Cisco Systems [4], the number of global Internet users will be 5.3 billion (66% of the global population) by 2023.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolutionary Strategy for Practical Design of Passive Optical Networks

et al. 2022

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Passive optical networks (PONs) are an important and interesting technology for broadband access as a result of the growing demand for bandwidth over the past 10 years. An arduous and complex step in the design of such networks involves determining the placement of equipment, optical fiber cables and several other parameters relevant to the proper functioning of the network. In this paper, we propose an evolutionary strategy to optimize the infrastructure design of PONs by using genetic algorithm technique. This meta-heuristic is capable of elaborating fast, automatic and efficient solutions for the design and planning of PONs. Our proposal has been developed using real maps, aiming to minimize deployment costs and time spent to carry out PON projects, achieving pre-defined quality criteria. We considered, in our simulations, two scenarios (non-dense and dense), four possible topologies and two regions of interest. The non-dense consists of a scenario in which subscribers are distributed in a dispersed manner in the region of interest. The dense has a considerably higher number of subscribers distributed in a very close way to each other. Based on the obtained results, the potential of our proposal is quite clear, as well as its relevance from a technical, economic, and commercial point of view.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary Strategy for Practical Design of Passive Optical Networks

et al. 2022

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“…In what follows, Algorithms 1 (SBM Algorithm to configure CSM & CDM) computes the numerical values. defined by the dynamic bandwidth assignment (DBA) process as in [20]. Whereas the 𝑁 𝑇4 is defined on the best effort basis according to the maximum available bandwidth 𝐵𝑊 𝑈𝑆 and the traffic load ℛ for total n ONU.…”

Section: Sleep Buffer-based Csm Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep Buffer-based Cyclic Sleep / Doze model & framework for ITU Next Generation PONs

Ahmed

Arfeen

Butt

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The power consumption of Next Generation Passive Optical Network (PON) has increased due to the higher number of Optical Network Units (ONU). The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has provided the options of Cyclic Sleep Mode (CSM) and Cyclic Doze Mode (CDM) schemes for energy conservation. The performance of these low-power modes is critically dependent on traffic arrival rate and traffic threshold on which Local Wakeup Indication (LWI) events are triggered. Therefore, an analytical model of ONU to study different CSM / CDM control schemes is of prime importance. The existing models do not incorporate the sleep buffer which results in limited performance evaluation of the CSM process at low traffic arrival rates and they are unable to possess the CSM / CDM process at higher traffic loads. Therefore, this work improves the existing Discrete-Time Markov Chain (DTMC) based power model by considering a sleep buffer at each ONU to control the local wakeup indication events at the ONU and the Optical Line Terminal (OLT). The proposed model accurately computes the ONU sojourn in each CSM / CDM state, power consumption of ONU, and energy savings as a function of traffic arrival rate. Based on the proposed model a CSM / CDM framework is also added to configure all the parameters efficiently under the given average delay limits.

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“…It looks for enabling technologies that combine sensing and communication systems to utilize resources efficiently and even to pursue mutual benefits. In the optical telecommunication parallel, transmission demandbased spectrum prediction algorithms target to improve available bandwidth utilization and throughput of optical lines, reduce delay, and achieve fair transmission to users [23], [24]. We have recently proposed the concept of sharing a common optical fiber for FBG sensing and telecommunication services, benefiting from the occupancy of sensing FBGs [25].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

SNR-Based Denoising Dynamic Statistical Threshold Detection of FBG Spectral Peaks

Cibira

Glesk

Dubovan

2023

J. Lightwave Technol.

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This paper targets a Denoising Dynamic Statistical Threshold (DDST) detection algorithm of Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) spectral peaks at the presence of changing Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) in a sensing channel. Computing the DDST is based on statistical parameters of the background noise. The DDST is determined by adjusting it using the SNR via determining the targeted probability of false alarms (p FA ). The proposed algorithm implements background noise fluctuations, nonlinear signal attenuation of a Single-Mode Fiber (SMF), as well as influence of the short-term interference. The implemented sliding wavelength window technique in conjunction with the FBG spectral peaks power scaling allow automatic adjusting of p FA and the DDST. During the possible FBGs resonant wavelengths overlap resulting from approaching/colliding spectral power responses of FBGs, the proposed algorithm also improves the detection robustness and resolving of these overlaps. The DDST marginally takes into account spectral shapes of FBGs resonant wavelength peaks. Advantageously, DDST wavelength resolving is independent of FBG spectral peaks shapes. Our DDST algorithm is also simple to implement. Measurements done by two Optical Spectral Analyzers (OSAs) confirmed significant improvements in the background noise reduction (i.e. signal denoising), noisy FBG spectral peaks shapes smoothing and SNR, improved adjacent FBG spectral peaks detectability and resolving. Our experiments also confirmed usability of the DDST algorithm under severe network conditions (with low reflected FBG power below −75 dB and low SNR < 4 dB resulting a standard deviation of σ > 7 dB in the background noise fluctuations).

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Efficient upstream bandwidth utilization with minimum bandwidth waste for time and wavelength division passive optical network

Cited by 7 publications

References 38 publications

Evolutionary Strategy for Practical Design of Passive Optical Networks

Evolutionary Strategy for Practical Design of Passive Optical Networks

Sleep Buffer-based Cyclic Sleep / Doze model & framework for ITU Next Generation PONs

SNR-Based Denoising Dynamic Statistical Threshold Detection of FBG Spectral Peaks

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Efficient upstream bandwidth utilization with minimum bandwidth waste for time and wavelength division passive optical network

Cited by 7 publications

References 38 publications

Evolutionary Strategy for Practical Design of Passive Optical Networks

Evolutionary Strategy for Practical Design of Passive Optical Networks

Sleep Buffer-based Cyclic Sleep / Doze model &amp; framework for ITU Next Generation PONs

SNR-Based Denoising Dynamic Statistical Threshold Detection of FBG Spectral Peaks

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Sleep Buffer-based Cyclic Sleep / Doze model & framework for ITU Next Generation PONs