Efficient upconversion-pumped continuous wave Er3+:LiLuF4 lasers

Moglia, Francesca; Müller, Sebastian; Reichert, Fabian; Metz, Philip Werner; Calmano, Thomas; Kränkel, Christian; Heumann, E.; Huber, G.

doi:10.1016/j.optmat.2015.01.004

Cited by 39 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Due to lifetime quenching at doping concentrations exceeding ß2×10 20 cm −3 , the doping concentration is limited to about 1.5 at.%, e.g., in LiYF 4 [52]. The energy gap from the upper laser level 4 S 3/2 to the next lower level 4 F 9/2 is in the order of 3000 cm −3 , comparable to the situation in Pr 3+ .…”

Section: Trivalent Erbium Er 3+mentioning

confidence: 94%

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Out of the blue: semiconductor laser pumped visible rare‐earth doped lasers

Kränkel

Marzahl

Moglia

et al. 2016

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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271

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The rise of semiconductor-based pump sources such as In x Ga 1-x N-laser diodes or frequency-doubled optically pumped semiconductor lasers with emission wavelengths in the blue encourages a revisitation of the rare-earth ions Pr 3+ , Sm 3+ , Tb 3+ , Dy 3+ , Ho 3+ and Er 3+ with respect to their properties as active ions in crystalline solid-state laser materials with direct emission in the visible spectral range. Nowadays, some of these blue-pumped visible lasers compete with Nd 3+ -lasers in terms of efficiency and direct lasing at various colors from the cyan-blue to the deep red can be addressed in very simple and compact laser setups. This paper highlights the spectroscopic properties of suitable rare-earth ions for visible lasing and reviews the latest progress in the field of blue-pumped visible rare-earth doped solid-state lasers.

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Section: Trivalent Erbium Er 3+mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Typically, these green emitting lasers are pumped via an upconversion pumping scheme [52,53], but the absorption spectrum also allows for direct pumping with blue-emitting semiconductor-based pump sources at wavelengths around 405 nm, 450 nm or 485 nm (see Fig. 6).…”

Section: Trivalent Erbium Er 3+mentioning

confidence: 99%

Out of the blue: semiconductor laser pumped visible rare‐earth doped lasers

Kränkel

Marzahl

Moglia

et al. 2016

Laser & Photonics Reviews

Self Cite

271

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“…13 Polarized absorption spectra of Sm : YAP crystal [83] 图 14 Sm : YAP 晶体的偏振荧光光谱 [83] Fig. 14 Polarized fluorescence spectra of Sm : YAP crystal [83] 说明 Sm : YAP 晶体 4 [91] 。在 450 nm 波长, 吸收截面达到 10 -20 cm 2 , 适合使用 InGaN 激光二极管泵浦; 在绿光波段的吸收截面更大, 适合表 7 Sm : YAP 晶体与 Sm 3+ 掺杂其他材料的光谱参数 Table 7 Spectroscopic parameters of Sm 3+ doped YAP and other crystals Sample  abs /nm σ abs /(×10 -20 , cm 2 ) FWHM abs /nm  em /nm σ em /(×10 -21 , cm 2 ) FWHM em /nm τ f /ms 使用倍频 Nd 3+ 激光作为泵浦源。在这两种情况下, 都存在 Ho 3+ 的 5 F 3 能级到 5 S 2 和 5 F 4 能级间的非辐射弛豫现象 [92] 。这些能级理论上均可作为四能级跃迁机制的上激光发射能级, 而对于激光下能级去激发的主要影响能级是 5 I 7 能级。此能级属于 2 μm 激光跃迁的上激光能级, 寿命较长, 可达 10 ms [91] 。因此粒子数容易在此能级发生阻塞, 抑制与上能级间的粒子数反转。因此, 比较可行的可见波段激光跃迁 [99][100][101] , Er 3+ 也存在可见激光跃迁, 代表性的是通过上转换方法实现绿光激光发射 [102][103] 的可见光研究大多集中在荧光粉方面。其中 YVO 4 : Eu 3+ , Y 2 O 3 : Eu 3+ 等是最有代表性的红光发射荧光体。而对 Eu 3+ 激光晶体研究较少。2015 年 Dashkevich 等 [109] 使用 LD 泵浦 Eu : KGd(WO 4 ) 2 晶体, 实现 702 nm 处 5.4 mW 的连续激光运转。最近 Demesh 等 [110] 采用钛宝石泵浦 Eu : YLF, 获得了 702 nm 处 15 mW, 斜率效率 4.6%的连续激光输出。…”

Section: 见波段激光的研究价值已被人们公认但是直接泵浦稀土离子掺杂激光增益介质的可见光激光报道却并不多。unclassified

“…Er 3+ 在 405、 450 和 485 nm 处存在吸收峰, 允许蓝光 LD 的直接泵浦。前两个波长的吸收截面一般为 10 -21 cm 2 , 在 485 nm 附近, Er : LiLuF 4 晶体吸收截面达到 1.5× 10 -20 cm 2 , 与 2ω-OPSL 泵浦源发射波长相吻合, 且此处吸收截面比 970 nm 处的吸收截面高 50%左右。的荧光寿命普遍为 100 μs 左右[102] 。Er 3+ 在 550 nm 处发射截面约为 10 -20 cm 2 , 高于 Pr 3+ 之外的其他可见波段稀土离子[104] 。并且, Er 3+ 距离 4f 10 5d 1 能级的带隙较大, 不容易产生 Eu 3+ 激光晶体的光谱特性通常 Eu 3+ 的发射谱线处于红色光区, 这些谱线对应于 4f 电子组态内从激发态 5 D 0 能级到 7 F J (J=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)能级的跃迁发射[108] 。由于 5 D 0 能级不被晶体场分裂(J=0), 发射跃迁的分裂是由 7 F J 能级的晶体场分裂引起的。除了这些谱线外, 有时还可以观察到来自较高的 5 D 、 5 D 2 甚至 5 D 3 能级的发射。当稀土离子所占据晶格格位具有反演对称性时,…”

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Research Progress of Rare-earth Doped Laser Crystals in Visible Region

Li¹,

Liu²,

Shi³

et al. 2019

Journal of Inorganic Materials

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Visible laser has been widely used in data storage, optical communication, laser display, laser medical treatment, laser printing, and scientific research. With the development of commercial blue light LD, the direct pumping of rare-earth ions doped laser crystals have attracted a lot of interests. Currently, visible ions mainly concentrat on Pr 3+ , Dy 3+ , Tb 3+ , and Sm 3+. Trivalent praseodymium (Pr 3+) is a famous rare-earth ion with extensive laser transitions in visible region such as blue, green, red and orange light. However, there is still a region in yellow emission which is not covered by Pr 3+. Dy 3+ and Tb 3+ have attracted much attention because of their yellow laser transitions. In addition, Sm 3+ and Eu 3+ are also typical visible rare-earth ions. In this paper, we mainly reviewed properties of rare-earth ions doped laser crystals for visible lasers, especially Pr 3+ , Dy 3+ , Tb 3+ and Sm 3+-doped YAlO 3 (YAP), SrAl 12 O 19 (SRA) crystals. A design criterion for Pr 3+ doped oxide materials was summarized. The crystal growth, structure, thermal properties, polarization spectroscopic and laser characteristics were analyzed in detail.

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“…Apart from the characteristic emission of the Er 3 þ around 1550 nm, emissions in visible region resulting from energy transfer mechanisms, such as energy upconversion (UC) upon excitation in the near infrared (980 nm) can be detected. This process allows the development of bio-photonic materials used in biological labeling [17,18], shorter wavelength solid-state lasers, operating in the visible region under excitation in the near infrared [19,20], and increase the efficiency of energy conversion devices such as solar cells [21,22]. Some studies reported in the literature regard UC in doped materials containing only Er 3 þ [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broadened band C-telecom and intense upconversion emission of Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped CaYAlO4 luminescent material obtained by an easy route

Perrella

Schiavon

Pécoraro

et al. 2016

Journal of Luminescence

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This work reports on photoluminescence properties of Er 3 þ /Yb 3 þ co-doped CaYAlO 4 in powder form, synthesized by an easy route using citric acid as ligand to form complex precursor. The 1.2 mol% of Yb 3 þ was fixed, while the amount of Er 3 þ changed in 0.5, 1.5 and 3 mol% in order to evaluate the photoluminescence properties as a function of the Er 3 þ concentration. The structural and thermal properties of the viscous solutions and powder materials obtained after the heat-treatment at 1000, 1100 and 1200°C for 4 h were evaluated by XRD, FTIR and TG/DTA analysis. The results showed the formation of pure CaYAlO 4 tetragonal crystalline phase after heat-treatment at 1100°C and 1200°C. Intense emission in the visible region under excitation at 980 nm was attributed to upconversion process, from Er 3 þ intraconfigurational f-f transitions. The emissions were assigned to the transitions 2 H 11/2-4 I 15/2 and 4 S 3/ 2-4 I 15/2 (green region), and 4 F 9/2-4 I 15/2 (red region) energy levels. The ratio between emission band integrated areas assigned to the red and green emissions increased as a function of Er 3 þ concentration. Under excitation at 980 nm with 100 mW of power pump, the materials also showed intense and broadening emission with maximum at 1520 nm with FWHM of 84.74 nm for the sample CaYAlO 4 :1.5% Er 3 þ /1.2% Yb 3 þ heat-treated at 1000°C for 4 h. The photoluminescence properties showed that these materials are promising for use in C-telecom band as optical amplifier biological marker or/and solidstate laser devices under excitation at 980 nm.

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Efficient upconversion-pumped continuous wave Er3+:LiLuF4 lasers

Cited by 39 publications

References 25 publications

Out of the blue: semiconductor laser pumped visible rare‐earth doped lasers

Out of the blue: semiconductor laser pumped visible rare‐earth doped lasers

Research Progress of Rare-earth Doped Laser Crystals in Visible Region

Broadened band C-telecom and intense upconversion emission of Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped CaYAlO4 luminescent material obtained by an easy route

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