Efficient Titanium Oxide/Conjugated Polymer Photovoltaics for Solar Energy Conversion

Arango, Alexi C.; Johnson, Lee; Bliznyuk, Valery N.; Schlesinger, Z.; Carter, S. A.; Hörhold, Hans‐Heinrich

doi:10.1002/1521-4095(200011)12:22<1689::aid-adma1689>3.0.co;2-9

Cited by 357 publications

(217 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…1,2 More specifically, it was pointed out that such composite materials could be applied as transparent substrate or flexible functional layers of optoelectronic devices which require high transparency in the visible range of the optical spectrum. 3 Replacing the conventional substrates made up of inorganic glasses by polymer-based materials could provide a number of advantages, as the polymer composites have milder processing conditions and better impact resistance, can be made flexible, and the optical parameters can be tailored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Properties of Composites of PMMA and Surface-Modified Zincite Nanoparticles

et al. 2007

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Composites that show visible light transmittance, UV absorption, and moderately high refractive index, based on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and zinc oxide (zincite, ZnO) nanoparticles, were prepared in two steps. First, surface-modified ZnO nanoparticles with 22 nm average diameter were nucleated by controlled precipitation via acid-catalyzed esterification of zinc acetate dihydrate with pentan-1-ol. The surface of growing crystalline particles was modified with tert-butylphosphonic acid (tBuPO 3 H 2 ) in situ by monolayer coverage. Particle size and graft density of -PO 3 H 2 on the particle surface were controlled by the amount of surfactant applied to the reaction solution. Second, the surface-modified particles were incorporated into PMMA by in-situ bulk polymerization. Free radical polymerization was carried out in the presence of these particles using AIBN as initiator. Volume fraction (φ) of the particles was varied from 0.10 to 7.76% (0.5 to 30 wt %). Although the particles are homogeneously dispersed in monomer, segregation of the individual particles upon polymerization was observed. Optical constants of the films ca. 2.0 µm including absorption and scattering efficiencies, indices of refraction, and dispersion constants were determined. The absorption coefficient at 350 nm increases linearly with ZnO, obeying Beer's law at low particle contents. However, it levels off toward a value of about 5000 cm -1 and shows a negative deviation at high concentrations because of aggregation of the individual particles. Waveguide propagation loss coefficients of the composite films were examined by prism coupling. A steep increase of the loss coefficient was found with a slope of 52 dB cm -1 vol % -1 as the volume fraction of the particle increases. The refractive index of the composites depends linearly on volume fraction of ZnO and varies from 1.487 to 1.507 (φ ) 7.76%) at 633 nm. The dispersion of refractive index was found to be consistent with Cauchy's formula. IntroductionThe development of polymer-based composites which exhibit various optical functionalities such as high/low refractive index, tailored absorption/emission properties, or strong optical nonlinearities attracts great interest because of the potential optoelectronic applications. 1,2 More specifically, it was pointed out that such composite materials could be applied as transparent substrate or flexible functional layers of optoelectronic devices which require high transparency in the visible range of the optical spectrum. 3 Replacing the conventional substrates made up of inorganic glasses by polymer-based materials could provide a number of advantages, as the polymer composites have milder processing conditions and better impact resistance, can be made flexible, and the optical parameters can be tailored. These composites are typically obtained by the incorporation of functional inorganic particles into a transparent polymer matrix. 3 While the polymeric component provides processability, flexibility, and transparency, the inorg...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Properties of Composites of PMMA and Surface-Modified Zincite Nanoparticles

et al. 2007

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“…As n-type semiconductor, TiO2 was a promising candidate as an electron acceptor and transport materials for hybrid polymer/TiO2 solar cells [102,103]. Song et al [104] used TiO2 as n-type semiconductor in hybrid solar cells [105] with a device structure of ITO/TiO2/MEHPPV/PEDOT/Au.…”

Section: Metal Oxidementioning

confidence: 99%

Interfacial Layer Engineering for Performance Enhancement in Polymer Solar Cells

et al. 2015

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Improving power conversion efficiency and device performance stability is the most critical challenge in polymer solar cells for fulfilling their applications in industry at large scale. Various methodologies have been developed for realizing this goal, among them interfacial layer engineering has shown great success, which can optimize the electrical contacts between active layers and electrodes and lead to enhanced charge transport and collection. Interfacial layers also show profound impacts on light absorption and optical distribution of solar irradiation in the active layer and film morphology of the subsequently deposited active layer due to the accompanied surface energy change. Interfacial layer engineering enables the use of high work function metal electrodes without sacrificing device performance, which in combination with the favored kinetic barriers against water and oxygen penetration leads to polymer solar cells with enhanced performance stability. This review provides an overview of the recent progress of different types of interfacial layer materials, including polymers, small molecules, graphene oxides, fullerene derivatives, and metal oxides. Device performance enhancement of the resulting solar cells will be elucidated and the function and operation mechanism of the interfacial layers will be discussed. OPEN ACCESSPolymers 2015, 7 334

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“…In such photovoltaic cells, the semiconducting polymer takes care of the absorption of the sunlight, charge injection into the fullerene or its derivative and the transport of holes after charge separation. Besides these fully organic photovoltaic devices, semiconducting polymers can also be used in combination with inorganic semiconductors such as TiO 2 , ZnO and CuInSe 2 [14][15][16][17][18][19]. In these hybrid organic/inorganic devices, the good electron accepting and conducting properties of the inorganic semiconductors can, in principle, be combined with cheap, solution processing of the semiconducting polymers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<b>SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLY[3-(2\',5\'-DIHEPTYLOXY- PHENYL)THIOPHENE] FOR USE IN PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS</b>

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Admassie²,

Mammo³

et al. 2007

Bull. Chem. Soc. Eth.

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ABSTRACT. Poly[3-(2',5'-diheptyloxyphenyl)thiophene], PDHOPT, has been prepared electrochemically from its monomer for solar cell application. PDHOPT exhibits a band gap of 2.1 eV. The redox properties of PDHOPT were characterized using cyclic voltammetry. The estimated energy levels of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) are -5.3 eV and -3.2 eV, respectively. PDHOPT sensitizes nanocrystalline titanium dioxide (nc-TiO2) in liquid-state photoelectrochemical cells. Devices where the photoactive electrode consists of nc-TiO2/PDHOPT composite film show improved performance over those that consist of only PDHOPT. Devices made of TiO2/PDHOPT composite film produced an open-circuit voltage of 0.52 V, a short-circuit current of 29 µA/cm 2

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Efficient Titanium Oxide/Conjugated Polymer Photovoltaics for Solar Energy Conversion

Cited by 357 publications

References 18 publications

Optical Properties of Composites of PMMA and Surface-Modified Zincite Nanoparticles

Optical Properties of Composites of PMMA and Surface-Modified Zincite Nanoparticles

Interfacial Layer Engineering for Performance Enhancement in Polymer Solar Cells

<b>SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLY[3-(2\',5\'-DIHEPTYLOXY- PHENYL)THIOPHENE] FOR USE IN PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS</b>

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