Efficient synthesis of bio-based activated carbon (AC) for catalytic systems: A green and sustainable approach

Adeleye, Aderemi Timothy; Akande, Amos Adeleke; Odoh, Chuks Kenneth; Philip, Monday; Fidelis, Timothy Tizhe; Amos, P. I.; Banjoko, Oluwakemi Oluwabunmi

doi:10.1016/j.jiec.2021.01.044

Cited by 52 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 149 publications

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“…As a frontline sector, transport with remarkable growth has attracted high demand for oil supply. The sudden emerging economic advancement of countries like China and India has also hugely contributed to global fuel consumption [ 1 – 5 ]. With the high consumption of non-renewable petroleum resources, a rise in CO 2 emissions is inevitable [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the high consumption of non-renewable petroleum resources, a rise in CO 2 emissions is inevitable [ 6 ]. Therefore, there is an urgent need that obliges new chemical technology protocols to convert naturally plentiful biomass to renewable transportation fuels, and value-added chemicals (VACs) toward achieving a bio-based economy (BBE) [ 1 , 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This sustainable material has also found useful applications in catalysis, environmental remediation [ 1 ], etc. To address the shortcomings of conventional petroleum resources, loads of attention and efforts have been made in the direction of catalytic transformation of renewable precursors to either fuel intermediates or value-added chemicals (VACs) and/or fuels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To address the shortcomings of conventional petroleum resources, loads of attention and efforts have been made in the direction of catalytic transformation of renewable precursors to either fuel intermediates or value-added chemicals (VACs) and/or fuels. Technically and economically, with the abundance of biomass on earth, world energy consumptions can adequately be addressed [ 1 , 6 , 7 ]. Thermal, biochemical, and chemical routes are three major pathways to actualize the conversions of renewable feedstocks to fuel intermediates, fuels, and value-added chemicals (VACs) [ 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Alwin Mittasch’s statement, “Chemistry without catalysis would be a sword without a handle, a light without brilliance, a bell without sound” [ 10 ]. According to the above statement, the active role of sustainable catalytic systems cannot be restrained to successfully attain the quality and value of the final product in biomass transformation [ 1 , 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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One-dimensional titanate nanotube materials: heterogeneous solid catalysts for sustainable synthesis of biofuel precursors/value-added chemicals—a review

et al. 2021

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Graphical Abstract One-dimensional (1D) titanate nanotubes materials (protonated titanate nanotube (HTNT) and sodium titanate nanotube (NaTNT)) have been reported as low-cost and efficient catalytic materials in chemical syntheses for the production of biofuel precursors with interesting catalytic performance exhibited, even better than some commonly used zeolites, H-MOR, H-β, SO 4 2− /Al 2 O 3 , and H-ZSM-5 solid catalysts with environmental benign in focus when compared with homogeneous catalytic materials. This mini-review expressly revealed the significance and potential of using HTNT and NaTNT as sustainable and environmentally benign solid catalysts/supports in various chemical reactions. The critical assessment of biomass valorization and titanate nanostructured materials as catalysts/supports via Green Chemistry approach, #7 (use of renewable feedstocks), #9 (use of catalyst against stoichiometry) and United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), #7 (affordable and clean energy; ensure access to inexpensive, reliable, sustainable, and new energy), is presented as integrated pathways to meet environmental benign technology toward sustainability. Hence, this work follows in the pattern of recent formulated features reported for solid catalysts—‘ PYSSVR ’ concept, which means P–production cost, Y–yield, S–stability, S–selectivity, V–versatility, and R–reusability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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One-dimensional titanate nanotube materials: heterogeneous solid catalysts for sustainable synthesis of biofuel precursors/value-added chemicals—a review

et al. 2021

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Biomass to biofuel: Palm kernel shells as catalyst supports for enhanced biodiesel production

Shakir,

Ahmad,

Mansur

et al. 2024

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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The use of agricultural biomass fibers, specifically palm kernel shell (PKS), has significant potential to enhance biodiesel production. This approach overcomes economic barriers and contributes to sustainability by repurposing agricultural biomass. This study explores the effectiveness of PKS as a cost‐effective and sustainable catalyst support. Palm kernel shell was chosen due to its high carbon content, low ash presence, and abundance as a byproduct in the palm oil industry, making it an economically viable and environmentally friendly option. In this study, an optimized activated carbon from PKS biomass was fabricated as catalyst support to enhance biodiesel production efficiency. Using response surface methodology (RSM), the PKS was impregnated with phosphoric acid and synthesized at various acid concentrations, impregnation times, and activation times to enhance porosity for catalytic support capabilities. The experimental design included a central composite design (CCD) to vary these factors systematically and determine their optimal levels. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis revealed significant development of porosity, affirming the efficient activation process. Energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analysis confirmed phosphorus incorporation during activation, indicating the formation of an intricate pore structure. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy highlighted the presence of functional groups pertinent to the biodiesel reaction process. The transesterification process employing PKS as a catalyst with different biobased feedstocks, such as waste frying oils from corn, palm, and sunflower, led to biodiesel yields of varying efficiencies. Notably, corn oil had the highest yield at 94.92%. This study highlights the potential of PKS as a biobased catalyst support and contributes to the broader biorefinery concept by integrating biomass utilization into renewable fuel production.

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Cellulose‐Based Oxygen‐Rich Activated Carbon for Printable Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2021

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Halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have drawn worldwide attention due to their great potential to be promising candidates for highly efficient and cost-effective photovoltaic technologies. [1] Benefiting from the excellent optoelectronic properties of halide perovskites together with previous abundant experience in other solar cells, especially in dye-sensitized solar cells and organic solar cells, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of conventional PSCs has been boosted to 25.5%, [2] making PSCs one of the most efficient solar cell type. Conventional efficient PSCs in lab usually rely on costly materials such as gold or silver electrode and organic hole transport materials (HTM). [3] To further reduce the material and fabrication cost of PSCs toward commercialization, carbon electrode-based HTM-free perovskite solar cells (C-PSCs) are developed. [4] In C-PSCs, carbon electrodes (CEs) are chosen to replace metal electrodes due to their excellent adjustable electronic properties, chemical stability and low cost. [5] However, the efficiency of C-PSCs has not exceeded 20%. [6] Therefore, developing carbon materials for C-PSCs to promote their efficiency toward the comparable level as conventional PSCs is in great demand. [4] Since no additional HTM is applied in C-PSCs, adjusting the work function (WF) of CEs to realize more efficient hole extraction and more suitable energy level alignment is an effective strategy to enhance the efficiency of C-PSCs. [7,8] To realize this, Jiang et al. introduced p-type metal oxides into the CE to improve its WF for extracting holes. [9] However, the introduction of those metal oxides led to the sheet resistance increase of CEs, which resulted in series resistance increase of the C-PSCs and restricted the efficiency improvement. Doping graphite has been demonstrated as another effective method to adjust the CEs WF for improving C-PSCs performance. Duan et al. improved the efficiency of C-PSCs from 12.4% to 13.6% by applying boron-doped carbon as the electrode. [5] Yang's group improved the WF of CE and the efficiency of C-PSCs by doping graphite with boron. [10] In addition, it is found that introducing oxygen-containing functional groups into the CE can also increase the WF. Tian et al. synthesized a carbon black with much higher oxygen content and a much higher WF than common carbon black. [11] When applying it in the CE for C-PSCs, the device efficiency was enhanced from 13.6% to 15.7%. This work demonstrated that introducing oxygen into CEs is of great potential to improve C-PSCs efficiency. However, the restriction is that the related process for introducing oxygen is carried out at high temperature of about 1600 K. Therefore, developing facile methods to synthesize oxygen-rich carbon materials sustainably for CEs is worth exploring.Biomass materials, which hold the "Sustainable and green" characteristics, have been applied for different energy conversion devices. [12][13][14] Zhu et al. synthesized a ZrO 2 @cellulose acetatereinforced nanofibrous membrane for sodium-ion b...

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Efficient synthesis of bio-based activated carbon (AC) for catalytic systems: A green and sustainable approach

Cited by 52 publications

References 149 publications

One-dimensional titanate nanotube materials: heterogeneous solid catalysts for sustainable synthesis of biofuel precursors/value-added chemicals—a review

One-dimensional titanate nanotube materials: heterogeneous solid catalysts for sustainable synthesis of biofuel precursors/value-added chemicals—a review

Biomass to biofuel: Palm kernel shells as catalyst supports for enhanced biodiesel production

Cellulose‐Based Oxygen‐Rich Activated Carbon for Printable Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells

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