Efficient solution of a batch crystallization model with fines dissolution

Advanced control approaches for combined cooling/antisolvent crystallization in continuous mixed suspension mixed product removal cascade crystallizers

“…D G and D B are dissolution rates. When S o 1, the negative values of nucleation rate and growth rate are used to approximate dissolution rates (Qamar et al, 2010;Nagy et al, 2011). k G1 , k G2 , k G3 , k B1 , k B2 , k B3 are empirical parameters from literature (Lindenberg et al, 2009).…”

“…Crystallization is an efficient and economical unit operation that is extensively used in pharmaceutical industry to purify active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) (Qamar et al, 2010). Typically a batch crystallizer is utilized, with either cooling, antisolvent addition or evaporation applied to generate supersaturation, which is the thermodynamic driving force for a crystallization process.…”

Systematic model identification and optimization-based active polymorphic control of crystallization processes

“…The presence of heating steps in optimized batch crystallization processes was already found by other authors (Majumder, Nagy 2013;Qamar et al 2010;Yeom et al 2013;Nagy et al 2011) as a result of the inclusion of the dissolution kinetics in the PBEs. In those cases heating can correct a non-optimal seeding and allows a better final CSD.…”

Design of co-crystallization processes with regard to particle size distribution

“…The PDEs are usually coupled to one or more ordinary differential equations (ODEs) describing the mass and energy balance and also auxiliary equations representing the growth and nucleation kinetics as function of supersaturation (Mohameed et al, 2003;Qamar et al, 2010;Vollmer and Raisch, 2006). The PDEs can also contain additional integral parts accounting for breakage, attrition and aggregation phenomena.…”

“…Choong and Smith (2004) introduced an algorithm based on Simulated Annealing in order to optimize batch cooling crystallization for citric-acid-water system. Qamar et al (2010) proposed a batch crystallization model with fines dissolution, which is useful for improving the quality of the product. Mohameed et al (2003) developed an optimization strategy for the cooling profile of batch crystallization using the method of lines to solve the population balance, while Bernardo and Giulietti (2010) presented a model of crystal growth and nucleation rates for seeded batch crystallization of pentaerythritol using the method of moments.…”