Efficient Sensitivity Reducing and Hygroscopicity Preventing of Ultra‐Fine Ammonium Perchlorate for High Burning‐Rate Propellants

Abstract

In this research, several inert materials, including some functional carbon materials, paraffin wax and the well‐known insensitive energetic material 1,3,5‐triamino‐2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene (TATB) were selected to reduce the undesirable high sensitivity and hygroscopicity of ultra‐fine ammonium perchlorate (UF‐AP) via polymer modified coating. Structure, sensitivity, thermal and hygroscopicity performances of the UF‐AP based composites were systematically studied by scanning electron microscopy, sensitivity tests, thermal experiments, contact angle, and hygroscopicity analysis. The results showed that both the impact and friction sensitivity of UF‐AP can be remarkably reduced, respectively, with only a small amount of 2 % (in mass) desensitization agents. Meanwhile, improved thermal decomposition was gained, and the hygroscopicity can also be reduced to a large extent. Propellants containing 10 % coated UF‐AP in mass were processed and tested, the burning rate reached 45.7 mm s−1, 50 % higher compared with that of normal AP, with remarkably reduced impact sensitivity from 11.5 J to 29.6 J and friction sensitivity from 76 % to 28 %.

Nanochromates MCr2O4 (M = Co, Ni, Cu, Zn): Preparation, Characterization, and Catalytic Activity on the Thermal Decomposition of Fine AP and CL-20

“…As one of the most important propellants, the high burning rate solid rocket propellant has been extensively used in terms of operational rockets, missiles, satellites, and space shuttle launch vehicles. Many efforts have been devoted for developing novel propellants with high burning rate to fulfill the ever-growing and challenging requirements. − The burning rate can be tuned by the addition of high energetic materials, combustion catalysts, and even by adjusting the particle size of oxidizers in the solid rocket propellants. − In particular, chromate as a transition metal combustion catalyst is capable of increasing the burning rate of solid propellants. − Ammonium perchlorate (AP) with the particle size of about 1 μm, namely, fine AP (FAP), has been widely used as an oxidizer to promote the burning rate of composite propellants. , On the other hand, hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20), a novel high explosive, has aroused great concerns to be used as a high energetic additive to improve the energy of composite propellants. , …”

Study on Friction Sensitivity of Passive and Active Binder based Composite Solid Propellants and Correlation with Burning Rate

“…Pang 22 , et al discussed the effect of different metallic fuels on the friction sensitivity characteristic of HTPBbased composite propellants. Considerable amount of work has been carried out to improve the sensitivity of composite propellant by coating the oxidiser particle, Ammonium Perchlorate, with fluorine based polymeric material, or, different functional carbon materials such as graphite, graphene, carbon nano-tubes [23][24][25][26][27] .…”

Solvent–Solvent Cooling Crystallization: An Effective Method to Control the Morphology and Size of Ammonium Perchlorate Crystals

“…For example, the combustion behavior of solid rocket propellants are highly dependent upon the shape, size, aspect ratio, surface characteristics, and particle size distribution of AP crystals . In addition, the shape and size of AP crystals can affect the loading density, mechanical properties, and safety performance of AP‐based pyrotechnics and propellants . Therefore, controlling AP crystals with desired morphology and size is crucial for their applications in energetic materials.…”

“…[5][6][7][8] In addition, the shape and size of AP crystals can affect the loading density, mechanical properties, and safety performance of AP-based pyrotechnics and propellants. [9] Therefore, controlling AP crystals with desired morphology and size is crucial for their applications in energetic materials.Crystallization is the most critical step in the manufacturing operation to obtain AP products with controllable morphology and size. In current industrial production, AP crystals are mainly prepared by fractional crystallization.…”

“…[5][6][7][8] In addition, the shape and size of AP crystals can affect the loading density, mechanical properties, and safety performance of AP-based pyrotechnics and propellants. [9] Therefore, controlling AP crystals with desired morphology and size is crucial for their applications in energetic materials.…”