Efficient removal of both basic and non-basic nitrogen compounds from fuels by deep eutectic solvents

Ali, Mohammad Chand; Yang, Qiwei; Fine, Andrew Aaron; Jin, Wenbin; Zhang, Zhiguo; Xing, Huabin; Ren, Qilong

doi:10.1039/c5gc01823d

Cited by 105 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…According to our results, ChCl‐Gly 1:2 can be considered as a better solvent for thiophene extraction (28.6%). ChCl‐Gly 1:2 was tested for the extraction of pyridine from n ‐heptane at low overall concentration of pyridine (500 ppm) and the efficiency of 51.4% was reported . Our efficiencies range from 30% to 60%, depending on the mass ratio of m (DES)/ m (model gasoline).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A satisfactory value of the extraction efficiency was achieved by DES based on ammonium salt and poly (ethylene glycol), 23 and the efficiency was increased by addition of metal chloride to the same DES. 24 DESs based on choline-chloride 25 and the ones with ethylene-glycol 26 showed a potential for fuel denitrification. The investigated DESs exhibited the possibility of reuse that is essential for industrial application of extraction processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Purification of motor fuels by means of extraction using deep eutectic solvent based on choline chloride and glycerol

Kučan

Rogošić

2019

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are being used in different applications as replacements for classical organic solvents; their physico‐chemical properties comply with the criteria of environmental acceptability. RESULTS In this work, choline chloride‐glycerol based DESs of different molar ratios (ChCl‐Gly 1:1.5, 1:2 and 1:3) were prepared and characterized with respect to density, dynamic viscosity, refractive index, electrical conductivity and thermal properties. The DESs were tested for denitrification, desulfurization and dearomatization of the six‐component model gasoline composed of three aliphatic hydrocarbons and pyridine, thiophene and toluene as representatives of nitrogen, sulfur and aromatic compounds of fuel, respectively. It was found that ChCl‐Gly is a better solvent for removal of pyridine from model gasoline in comparison with thiophene and toluene. Optimally, denitrification efficiency of 58% can be achieved in one‐stage extraction, and deep denitrification can be achieved in five‐stage extraction resulting in an efficiency of 99.62%. By performing a four‐stage extraction using the same batch of DES, a gradual decrease in extraction efficiency was observed. By evaporative purification of DES between the stages, the extraction efficiency was found to remain constant. ChCl‐Gly exhibited significant efficiency in denitrification of fluid catalytic cracking gasoline as well. CONCLUSION ChCl‐Gly based DESs are suitable for denitrification of fuel. The ability of application environmentally friendly solvents in the fuel purification process contributes to the development of cleaner technologies. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purification of motor fuels by means of extraction using deep eutectic solvent based on choline chloride and glycerol

Kučan

Rogošić

2019

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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“…Because of the necessity to reduce nitrogen oxide emission and improve sulfur elimination, the removal of nitrogen compounds (N-compounds) from fuels has attracted considerable attention. In 2015, Ren et al 56 first reported a denitrogenation method of fuels using DESs as extractants, like ChCl+urea, ChCl+malonic acid, ChCl+phenylacetic acid DESs. ChCl+phenylacetic acid DES with a mole ratio of 1 : 2 presented the best denitrogenation performance, showing simultaneous efficient removal of both basic and non-basic N-compounds.…”

Section: Extraction Of Nitrogen Compounds From Fuel Oilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Eutectic Solvents: Green Solvents for Separation Applications

Hou¹,

太原师范学院化学系²,

Yao³

et al. 2018

Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica

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Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are regarded as a new class of green solvents because of their unique properties such as easy synthesis, low cost, environmental friendliness, low volatility, high dissolution power, high biodegradability, and feasibility of structural design. DESs have been widely applied for the separation of mixtures as alternatives to conventional solvents. A DES usually consists of a hydrogen bond donor (HBD) and a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA). HBAs include amides, thiourea, amines, imidazole, azole, alcohols, acids and phenol. HBAs include quaternary ammonium salts, quaternary phosphonium salts, imidazolium-based salts, dication based salts, inner salts, and molecular imidazole and its analogues. Therefore, there are numerous DESs available for use in different applications. With an in-depth understanding of the common and novel properties of DESs, researchers have prepared and applied DESs to various types of separations. We first introduce the composition of DESs, including various HBDs and HBAs frequently used in the literature. Second, the properties of DESs, including phase diagrams, melting points, density, viscosity, and conductivity, are summarized. Third, recent applications of DESs in the separation of mixtures are reviewed, including the absorption of acidic gases (CO2, SO2 and H2S), the extraction of bioactive compounds, extraction of sulfur-and nitrogen-containing compounds from fuel oils, extraction of phenolic compounds from oils, separation of mixtures of aromatic and aliphatic compounds, separation of alcohol and water mixtures, removal of glycerol from biodiesel, separation of alcohol and ester mixtures, removal of radioactive nuclear contaminants, and separation of isomer mixtures of benzene carboxylic acids. DESs are used in two ways for the separation of mixtures. (1) A DES prepared in advance is used as a solvent to separate a component from a mixture by selective dissolution or absorption of specific compound(s), such as the absorption of SO2 using betaine+ethylene glycol DES. Here, DESs are used like traditional solvents. (2) A DES is formed in situ during the separation of mixtures by adding a HBA to a mixture containing one or more HBDs, such as the removal of phenol from an oil mixture using choline chloride, where a phenol+choline chloride DES is formed during the separation process and the formed DES does not dissolve in the oil phase. Although various DESs have been broadly developed for the separation of mixtures, research continues in the field of DESs, including analysis of the physicochemical properties of DES, especially during extraction or absorption, development of functional DESs for high-efficiency separations, development of efficient methods to regenerate DESs, and combined use of DESs with other techniques to improve separation processes. This article describes general trends in the development of DESs for separation and evaluates the problematic or challenging aspects of DESs in the separation of mixtures.

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“…However, authors who have used model solutions containing sulphur, nitrogen and aromatic compounds as well as real refinery samples have proven that denitrification and dearomatization are being carried out simultaneously with desulphurization. [9][10][11] Because of the toxicity of ionic liquids and their high cost, DESs are being investigated more recently in the processes of extractive desulphurization, 12-14 denitrification 15,16 and dearomatization. 17 In all the mentioned cases, model fuels, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling of Liquid–liquid Equilibria in Quasi-seven-component Systems with Deep Eutectic Solvents as Extraction Media

Rogošić

Kučan

2018

Kem. Ind.

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Liquid-liquid equilibria were experimentally investigated in systems in which the first component was aliphatic (n-hexane, n-heptane or i-octane) or aromatic hydrocarbon (toluene), the second component was pyridine or thiophene, and the third quasi-component was DES consisting of choline chloride and glycerol or choline chloride and ethylene glycol, at 25 °C and atmospheric pressure. The equilibria were successfully described by the NRTL and UNIQUAC models. The same models were successfully applied to describe the liquid-liquid equilibria in quasi-seven-component systems that comprised all the mentioned low molecular weight components and one DES. The restrictions of the models were discussed; it seems that the preference can be given to the UNIQUAC model.

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Efficient removal of both basic and non-basic nitrogen compounds from fuels by deep eutectic solvents

Abstract: Both basic and non-basic nitrogen compounds can be efficiently removed from fuels by deep eutectic solvents.

Cited by 105 publications

References 38 publications

Purification of motor fuels by means of extraction using deep eutectic solvent based on choline chloride and glycerol

Purification of motor fuels by means of extraction using deep eutectic solvent based on choline chloride and glycerol

Deep Eutectic Solvents: Green Solvents for Separation Applications

Modelling of Liquid–liquid Equilibria in Quasi-seven-component Systems with Deep Eutectic Solvents as Extraction Media

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