Purification of motor fuels by means of extraction using deep eutectic solvent based on choline chloride and glycerol

Abstract

BACKGROUND Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are being used in different applications as replacements for classical organic solvents; their physico‐chemical properties comply with the criteria of environmental acceptability. RESULTS In this work, choline chloride‐glycerol based DESs of different molar ratios (ChCl‐Gly 1:1.5, 1:2 and 1:3) were prepared and characterized with respect to density, dynamic viscosity, refractive index, electrical conductivity and thermal properties. The DESs were tested for denitrification, desulfurization and dearomatization of the six‐component model gasoline composed of three aliphatic hydrocarbons and pyridine, thiophene and toluene as representatives of nitrogen, sulfur and aromatic compounds of fuel, respectively. It was found that ChCl‐Gly is a better solvent for removal of pyridine from model gasoline in comparison with thiophene and toluene. Optimally, denitrification efficiency of 58% can be achieved in one‐stage extraction, and deep denitrification can be achieved in five‐stage extraction resulting in an efficiency of 99.62%. By performing a four‐stage extraction using the same batch of DES, a gradual decrease in extraction efficiency was observed. By evaporative purification of DES between the stages, the extraction efficiency was found to remain constant. ChCl‐Gly exhibited significant efficiency in denitrification of fluid catalytic cracking gasoline as well. CONCLUSION ChCl‐Gly based DESs are suitable for denitrification of fuel. The ability of application environmentally friendly solvents in the fuel purification process contributes to the development of cleaner technologies. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry

Thermal Conductivities of Choline Chloride-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents and Their Mixtures with Water: Measurement and Estimation

“…It is worth noting that the values of thermal conductivity for Reline in this work are in excellent agreement with those reported by Gautam and Seth [ 23 ]. In addition, the thermal conductivity of glyceline at 298 K, 0.223 W·m −1 ·K −1 , is close enough to that reported by Kucan and Rogošic [ 22 ], 0.232. Moreover, there is less than 5% difference between the thermal conductivity of tegaline in this work and that reported by Yan et al [ 21 ].…”

“…Yan et al reported the thermal conductivity of four types of DESs using methyl triphenyl-phosphonium-bromide (MTPB) and choline chloride (ChCl) as HBA, and ethylene glycol (EG) and triethylene glycol (TEG) as HBD from 25 °C to 50 °C [ 21 ]. Kucan and Rogošic measured the thermal conductivity of choline chloride-glycerol-based DESs of different molar ratios (ChCl-Gly 1:1.5, 1:2 and 1:3) at 25 °C [ 22 ]. Gautam and Seth [ 23 ] reported the thermal conductivity of ammonium-based DESs.…”

A Comprehensive Study of Density, Viscosity, and Electrical Conductivity of (Choline Chloride + Glycerol) Deep Eutectic Solvent and Its Mixtures with Dimethyl Sulfoxide

“…This {ChCl+glycerol} mixture of a 1:2 molar ratio exhibits highly desirable properties including high solvency of organic substances, miscibility with polar protic solvents, low volatility, high thermal stability, wide liquid state range, etc. The increasing appeal of glyceline for practical applications in combination with its easy preparation from generally available low-cost reagents stimulated many researchers to study all kinds of properties including density, − viscosity, ,,,− ,,− electrical conductivity, ,,,,,,,,,, refractive index, ,,,,,, surface tension, speed of sound, ,,, vapor pressure, , heat capacity, , thermal conductivity, and temperature diffusivity . Apparently, the most studied properties are density, viscosity, and conductivity where, taken together, more than 30 publications can be found.…”

Extraction of Thiophene, Pyridine, and Toluene from n-Decane as a Diesel Model Using Betaine-Based Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents

“…The same group reported the effect of varying the molar ratio of HBAs to HBDs on the extraction efficiency of the combined processes using choline chloride/glycerol (1:1.5, 1:2, and 1:3 M ratios). 38 The results indicated that the increase in the amount of glycerol enhances the extraction efficiency of the impurities. In another work, choline chloride/ethylene glycol DESs (at molar ratios of 1:2, 1:3, and 1:3.5) were examined as solvents for fuel purification.…”

“…They found that the most efficient DES for the removal of fuel impurities, “thiophene, pyridine, and toluene”, was betaine/propylene glycol (1:3.5). The same group reported the effect of varying the molar ratio of HBAs to HBDs on the extraction efficiency of the combined processes using choline chloride/glycerol (1:1.5, 1:2, and 1:3 M ratios) . The results indicated that the increase in the amount of glycerol enhances the extraction efficiency of the impurities.…”