Efficient red electroluminescence from diketopyrrolopyrrole copolymerised with a polyfluorene

Fenwick, Oliver; Fusco, Sabato; Baig, Tn N.; Stasio, Francesco Di; Steckler, Timothy T.; Henriksson, Patrik; Fléchon, Charlotte; Andersson, Mats R.; Cacialli, Franco

doi:10.1063/1.4820433

Cited by 32 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 71 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] Very recently, we have, for example, reported an acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) dye, which, embedded in a polyfluorene matrix, yielded EL peaked at 720 nm with 1.1% maximum EQE, [34] the best result ever reported in this range, to the best of our knowledge, for materials with intrinsic lifetimes <10 ns, thus suitable for "visible" (or nearly visible) light communication (VLC) systems.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/adma201706584mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] Very recently, we have, for Due to the so-called energy-gap law and aggregation quenching, the efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) emitting above 800 nm is significantly lower than that of visible ones. Successful exploitation of triplet emission in phosphorescent materials containing heavy metals has been reported, with OLEDs achieving remarkable external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) up to 3.8% (peak wavelength > 800 nm).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Efficient Near‐Infrared Electroluminescence at 840 nm with “Metal‐Free” Small‐Molecule:Polymer Blends

et al. 2018

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The development of efficient and biocompatible organic near-infrared emitters is attractive for many applications, spanning from photodynamic therapy [1] to light fidelity (Li-Fi) all-optical networking systems. [2][3][4] In particular, the range 700-1000 nm is interesting for medical applications, given the semitransparency of biological tissue in this spectral interval, [5] and we will specifically refer to this range as near-infrared (NIR) in the following text. Compared to conventional inorganic materials, organic NIR emitters are interesting also for their mechanical conformability, which makes them appealing for the integration in flexible and stretchable devices. [6] Furthermore, the metal-free organic light-emitting materials can be a cheap and biocompatible alternative to inorganic ones for application in wearable, implantable, or in vivo medical applications, such as for sensing of body temperature, heart and respiration rates, blood pressure, glucose level, and oxygenation. [7] In the search for ever-higher efficiencies, several classes of materials have been investigated, such as perovskite-structured methylammonium lead halides, [8][9][10] quantum dots, [11] and organometallic phosphorescent complexes. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] However, although such hybrid materials afford substantial electroluminescence (EL) external quantum efficiency (EQE) in the NIR, in some cases exceeding 10% [8,10] or even 20% or so, [13] their use of heavy, toxic, and/or costly metals is not ideal for manufacturing, sustainability, environmental impact, and, in perspective, biocompatibility. Furthermore, in such hybrid systems, and in general in materials that leverage triplet excitons to boost the EQE, [20,21] exciton recombination dynamics typically fall in the hundreds of nanoseconds or even in the microsecond (or longer) range, which intrinsically limits the bandwidth when integrated in devices for telecommunications. For Li-Fi applications, [2][3][4] fluorescent molecular and polymeric materials are preferred, given that the typical fluorescence lifetime of these materials is of the order of few nanoseconds or less, thereby ideally allowing data transmission rates up to the Gb s −1 regime.In the last decade, scientists have attempted different strategies to develop heavy-metal-free NIR fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), with chemical design essentially revolving around the careful combination of donor and acceptor groups to both tune the spectral range (up to 1000 nm) and maximize the EQE. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] Very recently, we have, for Due to the so-called energy-gap law and aggregation quenching, the efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) emitting above 800 nm is significantly lower than that of visible ones. Successful exploitation of triplet emission in phosphorescent materials containing heavy metals has been reported, with OLEDs achieving remarkable external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) up to 3.8% (peak wavelength > 800 nm). For OLEDs incorporating f...

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Section: Doi: 101002/adma201706584mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Efficient Near‐Infrared Electroluminescence at 840 nm with “Metal‐Free” Small‐Molecule:Polymer Blends

et al. 2018

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“…1(b) for the energy levels), which emits with a broad unstructured spectrum peaking at 1.58 eV, i.e., with a spectral red-shift of about 1 eV with respect to the exciton emission energy. In view of the burgeoning interest in near-infrared (NIR) materials and devices [23][24][25][26][27][28][29] along with the interesting optoelectronic properties of HATNA*, we tested the HATNA*-TFB system in LEDs and found a nearly pure NIR electroluminescence (EL) arising from the exciplex with >98% of the emission at wavelengths above 700 nm.…”

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confidence: 99%

Virtually pure near-infrared electroluminescence from exciplexes at polyfluorene/hexaazatrinaphthylene interfaces

Tregnago

Fléchon

Choudhary

et al. 2014

Applied Physics Letters

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Electronic processes at the heterojunction between chemically different organic semiconductors are of special significance for devices such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and photovoltaic diodes. Here, we report the formation of an exciplex state at the heterojunction of an electron-transporting material, a functionalized hexaazatrinaphthylene, and a hole-transporting material, poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-N-(4-butylphenyl)diphenylamine) (TFB). The energetics of the exciplex state leads to a spectral shift of ∼1 eV between the exciton and the exciplex peak energies (at 2.58 eV and 1.58 eV, respectively). LEDs incorporating such bulk heterojunctions display complete quenching of the exciton luminescence, and a nearly pure near-infrared electroluminescence arising from the exciplex (at ∼1.52 eV) with >98% of the emission at wavelengths above 700 nm at any operational voltage.

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“…This is consistent with a more rigid and ordered structure in the solid state. 24,25 In addition to this, significant broadening of the absorption in the region of 300 to 450 nm was also observed. The absorption of DPP-ES and DPP-AM is slightly redshifted compared to DPP-BZ largely due to the presence of the CN group in DPP-ES and DPP-AM.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Organic solar cells based on acceptor-functionalized diketopyrrolopyrrole derivatives

et al. 2015

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Abstract. The synthesis and characterization of three solution processable diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) derivatives featuring acceptor units attached to the core by alkyne linker units is reported. Cyclic voltammetry and density functional theory calculations indicate that the DPP derivatives possess similar HOMO and LUMO energies. Solar cells were fabricated by blending the synthesized DPP derivatives with [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyrate methyl ester. The influence of donor: acceptor blend ratio, film thickness, annealing temperature, and annealing time on device performance was studied. Differences in device performance were related to atomic force microscopy measurements of the films. The highest power conversion efficiency of 1.76% was achieved for the DPP derivative functionalized with an aldehyde electron-withdrawing group with a 1∶0.7 donor:acceptor ratio when the active layer was annealed for 10 min at 110°C.

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Efficient red electroluminescence from diketopyrrolopyrrole copolymerised with a polyfluorene

Cited by 32 publications

References 71 publications

Efficient Near‐Infrared Electroluminescence at 840 nm with “Metal‐Free” Small‐Molecule:Polymer Blends

Efficient Near‐Infrared Electroluminescence at 840 nm with “Metal‐Free” Small‐Molecule:Polymer Blends

Virtually pure near-infrared electroluminescence from exciplexes at polyfluorene/hexaazatrinaphthylene interfaces

Organic solar cells based on acceptor-functionalized diketopyrrolopyrrole derivatives

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