Efficient Quantum Private Comparison without Sharing a Key

Li, Jian; Che, Fanting; Wang, Zhuo; Fu, Anqi

doi:10.3390/e25111552

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Besides, to compare both the size and the equality of privacies, Chen et al came up with a novel two-party QPC protocol via quantum walks on circle [8]. Other than that, there are considerable QPC protocols based on other quantum states that have been investigated [9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel semi-quantum private comparison protocol with Bell states

Gong,

Li,

Cao

et al. 2024

Laser Phys. Lett.

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Based on Bell states, a new semi-quantum private comparison protocol is proposed that enables two classical users to securely compare the equality of their private information with the aid of a semi-honest third party. Different from the existing semi-quantum private comparison protocols, the two classical participants in the presented protocol do not need to measure and prepare any quantum state, which not only reduces the consumption of quantum devices, but also greatly improves the feasibility of the protocol. Performing different unitary operations on the received particles, classical users can securely compare their secret information. Besides, the devised protocol has higher qubit efficiency than the other similar counterparts, since participants can compare a two-bit privacy each time with one qubit. Meanwhile, after completing the comparison process, all Bell states could be reused since they still retain the corresponding entanglement property, which greatly facilitates the recycle of quantum resources. Security analyses indicate that the designed scheme is secure against external attack and internal attack. Moreover, the operations involved in our scheme are simulated on the IBM Quantum Experience to demonstrate the effectiveness and security of our scheme.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel semi-quantum private comparison protocol with Bell states

Gong,

Li,

Cao

et al. 2024

Laser Phys. Lett.

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“…In this protocol, secrets are divided into multiple groups, which improves efficiency by eliminating the need to compare all groups of information. Since then, different QPC protocols have been continuously proposed, aiming to determine the relationship between private and these studies mainly utilize various quantum states, including single photons [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ], Bell states [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ], entangled states [ 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ], cluster states [ 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ] and d-level quantum states [ 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ] as quantum resources. They also employ different quantum technologies, such as entanglement swapping and unitary operations, as well as determine whether to distribute keys for sharing secret keys to accomplish the comparison.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Quantum Private Comparison Using Four-Particle Cluster State

Hou,

Wu,

Zhang

2024

Entropy

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Quantum private comparison (QPC) enables two users to securely conduct private comparisons in a network characterized by mutual distrust while guaranteeing the confidentiality of their private inputs. Most previous QPC protocols were primarily used to determine the equality of private information between two users, which constrained their scalability. In this paper, we propose a QPC protocol that leverages the entanglement correlation between particles in a four-particle cluster state. This protocol can compare the information of two groups of users within one protocol execution, with each group consisting of two users. A semi-honest third party (TP), who will not deviate from the protocol execution or conspire with any participant, is involved in assisting users to achieve private comparisons. Users encode their inputs into specific angles of rotational operations performed on the received quantum sequence, which is then sent back to TP. Security analysis shows that both external attacks and insider threats are ineffective at stealing private data. Finally, we compare our protocol with some previously proposed QPC protocols.

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“…Quantum superdense coding is utilized to achieve higher efficiency. Since then, several QPC protocols have been proposed, utilizing various quantum resources such as single photons [8][9][10][11], entangled states [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21], and cluster states [22][23][24][25][26]. Additionally, two-atom product states and single-atom measurements are used in a QPC protocol [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Quantum Private Comparison Based on GHZ States

Hou,

Wu,

Zhang

2024

Entropy

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Quantum private comparison (QPC) is a fundamental cryptographic protocol that allows two parties to compare the equality of their private inputs without revealing any information about those inputs to each other. In recent years, QPC protocols utilizing various quantum resources have been proposed. However, these QPC protocols have lower utilization of quantum resources and qubit efficiency. To address this issue, we propose an efficient QPC protocol based on GHZ states, which leverages the unique properties of GHZ states and rotation operations to achieve secure and efficient private comparison. The secret information is encoded in the rotation angles of rotation operations performed on the received quantum sequence transmitted along the circular mode. This results in the multiplexing of quantum resources and enhances the utilization of quantum resources. Our protocol does not require quantum key distribution (QKD) for sharing a secret key to ensure the security of the inputs, resulting in no consumption of quantum resources for key sharing. One GHZ state can be compared to three bits of classical information in each comparison, leading to qubit efficiency reaching 100%. Compared with the existing QPC protocol, our protocol does not require quantum resources for sharing a secret key. It also demonstrates enhanced performance in qubit efficiency and the utilization of quantum resources.

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Efficient Quantum Private Comparison without Sharing a Key

Cited by 4 publications

References 24 publications

Novel semi-quantum private comparison protocol with Bell states

Novel semi-quantum private comparison protocol with Bell states

New Quantum Private Comparison Using Four-Particle Cluster State

Efficient Quantum Private Comparison Based on GHZ States

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