Efficient protein–ligand interaction by guaranteeing mesospacing between immobilized biotins

Label-free detection of DNA molecules on the dendron based self-assembled monolayer by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

“…The thiolated single stranded probe DNA The dendron-modified gold electrode has been prepared according to the method described elsewhere [12] except that 11-mercaptoundecanol was used in our experiment instead of 11-mercaptoundercylamine in the original procedure. The gold-on-silicon substrate was first sonicated in a piranha solution (70% H 2 SO 4 :30% H 2 O 2 ) for a minute.…”

“…Then, the substrate was rinsed completely with deionized water and then immersed in a 1.0 mM solution of 11-mercapto-1-undecanol overnight to prepare hydroxylated surface. The dendron was then immobilized on the gold-on-silicon by a series of reactions described in the literature [12].…”

“…While the probe molecules thus attached to the dendron moleclule has been shown to have very high detection efficiencies for the fluorescence method on silicon surfaces [8][9][10][11] or for surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy on gold surfaces [12], whether the electrochemical detection methods for the same system can be used has not been demonstrated. The electrochemical detection does not require elaborate optical alignments as well as pretreatment of the target molecules with a fluorophore [13].…”

DNA–DNA interaction on dendron-functionalized sol–gel silica films followed with surface plasmon fluorescence spectroscopy

“…Deionized water (18 M cm) was obtained from a Milli-Q purification system (Millipore). Hybridization buffer solution was prepared using phosphatebuffered saline (PBS) tablets (Sigma-Aldrich) with a Na + concentration of 0.137 M. The employed dendron with an F-moc (or fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl) protection group was prepared according to the procedure published previously [21]. In this method, we coupled N -[tris(carboxyethoxymethyl)methyl]-4-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl amino)butyramide with 3 equivalents of tris[(2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)ethoxy)methyl]methylamine in the presence of 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBT), and hydrolyzed the resulting second generation dendron with formic acid to make the target dendron (1).…”

“…Recently, we demonstrated that performances of DNA microarrays, including SNP (or single nucleotide polymorphism) discrimination efficiency, could be enhanced with the surface control [17][18][19][20]. Also, surface plasmon spectrometry showed that degree of streptavidin binding increased when biotin was immobilized on top of the dendron-functionalized surface [21].…”