Efficient production of the liquid fuel 2,5-dimethylfuran from 5-hydroxymethylfurfural over Ru/Co3O4 catalyst

Functionalized silica nanoparticles for conversion of fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural

“…Thus, carbon-neutral biomass resource has been regarding as the most promising alternative to the limited fossil resources for sustainable supply of liquid fuels and chemical intermediates. [3][4][5] As one of the most important biomass carbohydrate-derived chemicals, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) has been considered as a versatile platform molecule because of its easily transformation to a variety of high value-added chemicals, such as, 2,5-dimethylfuran, [6,7] 2,5-diformylfuran, [8][9][10] 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, [11][12][13] C 9 -C 15 alkanes [14] and others. [15] Therefore, the transformation of carbohydrates into 5-HMF is a key pathway in integrated utilization of biomass resource.…”

Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Biobased HMF to 2,5-Bis-(Hydroxymethyl)Furan over Ru/Co3O4

“…As can be observed, the three catalysts are all displaying a two-stage reduction mechanism, and the first peak of each H 2 -TPR profile is due to the reduction of Co 3 O 4 to CoO [15,16]. It was reported by Zu et al that the typical H 2 -TPR profile of Co 3 O 4 has two reduction peaks: the main reduction peak at 330-450 • C with a shoulder peak at 323 • C [15]. The two reduction peaks of calcined Ru/Co 3 O 4 are all shifted to a low temperature range, and the maximum reduction peak of calcined Ru/Co 3 O 4 is at 250-400 • C with a shoulder peak at 245 • C ( Figure 2).…”

“…In addition, the lower amount of RuOx particles may be highly dispersed in the matrix, so we cannot find the RuOx particles in the TEM images [15]. …”

“…The XRD patterns (Figure 3c) For the reduced Ru/Co3O4 catalyst, the reduction peaks of Co3O4 to CoO and CoO to Co have shifted to a low temperature range (165 °C and 200-435 °C, respectively), which is due to the presence of Ru [15]. The reduction peak at around 165 °C should be the overlapping peaks for the reduction of RuOx to Ru and Co3O4 to CoO, indicating that the reduced Ru/Co3O4 catalyst has the highest catalytic activity at about 165 °C.…”

Recent Trends in the Production, Combustion and Modeling of Furan-Based Fuels

“…Other catalytic conversion studies of HMF to 2,5-DMF were performed, using catalysts such as nickel-tungsten carbide [71], Lewis-acidic Zn II and Pd/C [72], PdAu/C [73], Ru/Co 3 O 4 [74], ruthenium-containing hydrotalcite (HT) [75], Ru-Sn/ZnO [76], Ni/Co 3 O 4 [77], palladium-cesium dodeca-tungstophosphoric acid on K-10 clay [78] and graphene oxides-supported platinum (Pt/rGO) [79]. Most recently, carbon-coated Cu-Co bimetallic nanoparticles were also used, exhibiting the best performance [80].…”