Efficient Production of Methyl Oleate Using a Biomass-Based Solid Polymeric Catalyst with High Acid Density

Abstract

Biomass-based polymers are eco-friendly, nontoxic and biodegradable materials. In this work, in order to prepare green, low-cost and high-efficient catalysts under mild conditions, we chose biomass-based chitosan as raw material and prepared a new solid acidic catalyst by an acid functionalization method. FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TGA, BET, neutralization titration and other analytical methods were used to characterize the catalyst. The results showed that CS-SO3H morphology exhibited a sphere of about 10 μm diameter, and the acid density was as high as 3.81 mmol/g. The catalyst exhibits good catalytic activity in the esterification of oleic acid and methanol, which is a model reaction of the pre-esterification process in the preparation of biodiesel from feedstocks with high acid values. Under the optimum reaction conditions (15/1 methanol/oleic acid mole ratio and 3 wt% catalyst dosage at 75°C for 3 h), the yield of methyl oleate can reach 95.7%. Even if the mass of oleic acid in the reactant increased to 20 g, solid acid showed good catalytic performance, and the yield of methyl oleate was 94.4%. After four times of reuse, the yield of the catalyst can still reach 85.7%, which indicates that the catalyst has good catalytic activity and stability, and has potential application prospects.

Microwave-assisted biodiesel production using bio-waste catalyst and process optimization using response surface methodology and kinetic study

“…1 H-NMR revealed 99.5% biodiesel conversion by triplet integration at δ 2.28 ppm for methyl oleate (using the formula given in (Eq. 3 )) 78 . Furthermore, biodiesel yield of 97.9% was calculated using Eq.…”

A Highly Effective Biomass-Derived Solid Acid Catalyst for Biodiesel Synthesis Through Esterification

“…According to the results, the catalyst exhibited a specific surface area of 21.82 m 2 /g, a pore volume of 0.022 cm 2 /g, and a pore size distribution between 2 and 20 nm. Compared with the sulfonated chitosan catalysts that were reported in the previous literature ( Wang et al, 2019 ; Zhang and Sun, 2020 ), SiO 2 @Cs-SO 3 H demonstrated a benign porous structure, implying that SiO 2 @Cs-SO 3 H will be conducive to esterification for biodiesel synthesis. It is worth mentioning that when nano-SiO 2 with good surface efficiency and large surface area was used as the suitable carrier, of crucial significance was to improve the specific surface area of the catalyst, thus leading to better catalytic performance accordingly.…”

Bio-Derived Catalysts: A Current Trend of Catalysts Used in Biodiesel Production

“…Since homogenous catalysts cannot be reused for the next batch of production, heterogeneous catalysts play an important role in reducing production costs. Their recyclability not only lowers production costs but also maximizes environmental protection [229]. As compared to homogenous catalysts, one of the benefits of heterogeneous catalysts is that they can be reused several times.…”