Efficient photodegradation of methyl red dye by kaolin clay supported zinc oxide nanoparticles with their antibacterial and antioxidant activities

Green route to fabrication of Semal-ZnO nanoparticles for efficient solar-driven catalysis of noxious dyes in diverse aquatic environments

“…The presence of competing cationic/anionic species, such as Na + , Ca + , Fe 3+ , K + , Cl − , NO 3 − , SO 4 2– , and HCO 3 − , as well as other chemicals in real water samples may account for the slightly higher and lower percentage degradations of MB and MO in different natural water samples ( Khan et al, 2022 ; Ahmad et al, 2023 ; Gul et al, 2023 ). Moreover, the specific characteristics of the natural water sources, differential total dissolved solids (TDS), and pH may have influenced the rates of photocatalytic degradation of the cationic and anionic dyes ( Fouda et al, 2021 ; Bhattacharjee et al, 2022 ; Kumari et al, 2023 ).…”

“…By leveraging the reducing and stabilizing abilities of the biomolecules, such as the enzymes, proteins, and biochemicals, of such biological entities, biogenic NPs have been synthesized that are not only environmentally benign but also cost-effective and easily scalable ( Alprol et al, 2023 ; Chamaraja et al, 2023 ; Fouda et al, 2023 ). The photocatalytic activities of the biogenic NPs are attributed to their specific surface chemistry and morphologies, which facilitates generation of ROS upon exposure to light ( Gul et al, 2023 ). The unique properties of these biogenic NPs offer numerous advantages, such as biocompatibility, reduced toxicity, and enhanced catalytic efficacy, making them well suited for catalytic photodegradation of harmful dyes ( Aaga and Anshebo, 2023 ; Malik et al, 2023 ; Meena et al, 2023 ).…”

Biomedical Applications of Zirconia-Based Nanomaterials: Challenges and Future Perspectives

“…Antioxidants are several compounds that protect the body from the noxious effect of free radicals, and their protective mechanism is evaluated through scavenging free radicals [ 46 , 47 ]. The antioxidant activity of the ZnO-ZrO 2 heterojunction was determined by scavenging the 2,20-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radicals, which show higher activity than the ascorbic acid.…”

Charge transfer in TiO2-based photocatalysis: fundamental mechanisms to material strategies

“…1–4 On the one hand, the excessive use of fossil fuels has resulted in the rapid depletion of energy resources; on the other hand, the burning of these hydrocarbon fuels has contributed a huge amount of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, which is responsible for global warming and poses a threat to life on Earth. 5–7 Furthermore, the establishment of large manufacturing industries, including cosmetic industry, 8–10 petrochemical industry, 11–13 plastic industry, and leather industry, as well as varnishes, medicines, 14,15 antibiotics, 16 insecticides, herbicides, dyes, 17–19 clothes, perfumes, explosives, sound systems, batteries, slaughter houses, and heavy metals, 20–22 for the purpose of making human life comfortable and relaxed have disturbed normal aquatic and terrestrial life in the sense that these industries have added their own contribution towards environmental pollution especially drinking water and atmospheric pollution by disposing of their hazardous residues and used-water directly into water streams. 23–28 Therefore, new technologies are urgently needed to address these problems efficiently.…”