Efficient molecular mass fractionation of leukocyte extract by membrane separation

Perepechkina, N P; Perepechkin, L. P.

doi:10.1016/s0376-7388(99)00045-9

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Finally, the DLE preparations are filter sterilized, aliquoted in ampules and lyophilized (Lawrence, 1974). Later, dialysis was replaced by ultrafiltration using membrane filters of size <12 kDa (Fudenberg and pizza, 1994;perepechkina and perepechkin, 1999;Vacek et al, 2002). The processes of TF preparation are still in use nowadays, but are not very favourable and alternative ways of TF preparation are explored.…”

Section: Obtaining Transfer Factor Preparationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obstacles and limitations of transfer factor biological activity assay design

Kempová¹,

Zaťovičová²,

Kajanová³

et al. 2020

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Transfer factor (TF) is a heterogeneous mix of low-molecular weight molecules obtained from dialyzed leukocyte extract that is capable of transferring cell-mediated immunity. As an immunostimulatory drug TF is used to improve treatment of infectious diseases, allergies, cancer and immune deficiencies. The main benefit of TF preparations as immunotherapeutic agents is the induction of a rapid immune response and the potential of TF as an adjuvant in combination with other drugs might lead to development of novel approaches to combat various diseases in the future. The process of TF preparation is rather simple. However, with respect to fact that TF is composed by several multifunction molecules, it is likely that during the activity measurement based only on one single parameter, other TF biological activities might be overlooked. in addition, separated TF components might display synergetic activity effect. According to recent European pharmacopoeia there is no general protocol for immuno-stimulatory drugs (including TF) activity measurement available. Nevertheless, for the process of TF preparation, control of input material and for final pharmaceutical product batches it is inevitable to guaranty proper quality control including appropriate in vivo or in vitro test(s) for TF biological activity assay. The animal-origin materials and in vivo assays convey a considerable logistic, ethic and economic problem, meanwhile the available in vitro assays have been reported with limited reproducibility and sometimes contradictory results. The currently used method for testing biological activity of TF is the in vitro mTT cells proliferation assay that is recognized by control authorities in Slovak Republic.

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Section: Obtaining Transfer Factor Preparationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obstacles and limitations of transfer factor biological activity assay design

Kempová¹,

Zaťovičová²,

Kajanová³

et al. 2020

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“…The first TF-preparations were obtained in the laboratory of Dr. Lawrence [4] though dialysis of human leukocyte cryolysates. Furthermore, dialysis as a separation method of low-molecular-weight components was replaced by ultrafiltration [8,26,30]. Membrane filters with a cutoff of <12 kDa are used in the procedure.…”

Section: Obtaining Transfer Factor Preparationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotherapy with Dialyzable Leukocyte Extracts Containing Transfer Factor

Arnaudov¹

2017

Immunotherapy - Myths, Reality, Ideas, Future

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Dialyzable leukocyte extracts (DLE) are complexes consisting of a large number of low molecular weight substances. These extracts possess immunomodulatory properties, which are mainly attributed to small peptides with molecular weight of 3.5-6.0 kDa called "transfer factor." This chapter reviews the nature and immunological characteristics of DLE containing transfer factor (TF), their mechanism of action and the possible uses as immunomodulators in human and veterinary medicine. A main advantage of TF-preparations as immunotherapeutic agents is that they induce a rapid immune response against the pathogen (within 24 h) and thereby reduce the time for the patient immune response by 9-13 days. The low level of difficulty of the process of obtaining protocols determines their relatively low cost and the possibility to combine them with other therapeutic agents during treatment makes them subject to medical applications in the future, including against some new diseases.

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“…[4] Furthermore, dialysis as a separation method of low-molecular-weight components was replaced by ultrafiltration. [17,20,29] Membrane filters with a cutoff of <12 kDa are used in the procedure. Apart from human leucocytes, TF preparations are obtained from ultrafiltrated animal cryolysed leukocytes or lymphoid organs (lymph nodes and spleen).…”

Section: Obtaining Transfer Factor Preparationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dialysable leukocyte extracts in immunotherapy

Arnaudov

Kostova

2015

Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment

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Dialysable leukocyte extracts (DLE) are complexes consisting of a large number of low-molecular-weight substances. These extracts have immunomodulatory properties, which are mainly attributed to small peptides commonly referred to as 'transfer factor'. This review focuses on the characteristics of DLE with transfer factor activity, together with the methods for their preparation and purification. The opportunities for applying the extracts for immunotherapy purposes against various diseases in humans and domestic animals are also discussed. Their ease of preparation and relatively low cost combined with the rapid positive effect they produce will make DLE subject to application in medicine in the future, including their use against new nosological entities.

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Efficient molecular mass fractionation of leukocyte extract by membrane separation

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Obstacles and limitations of transfer factor biological activity assay design

Obstacles and limitations of transfer factor biological activity assay design

Immunotherapy with Dialyzable Leukocyte Extracts Containing Transfer Factor

Dialysable leukocyte extracts in immunotherapy

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