Efficient Hybrid Solar Cells Based on Meso-Superstructured Organometal Halide Perovskites

Abstract

The energy costs associated with separating tightly bound excitons (photoinduced electron-hole pairs) and extracting free charges from highly disordered low-mobility networks represent fundamental losses for many low-cost photovoltaic technologies. We report a low-cost, solution-processable solar cell, based on a highly crystalline perovskite absorber with intense visible to near-infrared absorptivity, that has a power conversion efficiency of 10.9% in a single-junction device under simulated full sunlight. This "meso-superstructured solar cell" exhibits exceptionally few fundamental energy losses; it can generate open-circuit photovoltages of more than 1.1 volts, despite the relatively narrow absorber band gap of 1.55 electron volts. The functionality arises from the use of mesoporous alumina as an inert scaffold that structures the absorber and forces electrons to reside in and be transported through the perovskite.

Photodetectors Based on Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Lead Halide Perovskites

“…Over the past few years, OIHPs have been attracting the attention of a great number of scientific researchers with the aim to study the fundamental photophysics and practical applications of these materials. As a result, a variety of unprecedented fruits have been yielded, which has been described as a “perovskite fever.”12, 13, 14, 15, 16 More importantly, the skyrocketing PCE of PSCs does not seem to hit an insurmountable bottleneck, further revealing the significance of OIHPs‐related studies 17, 18, 19. In addition to intensive studies on PSCs, OIHPs also hold great potential in many other fields such as field effect transistors (FETs), light emitting diodes (LEDs), and photodetectors owing to the remarkable optoelectronic characteristics of OIHPs (e.g., high external quantum efficiency (EQE) over a wide absorption spectrum, high absorption coefficients, tunable optical band gaps, low trap density, reduced charge carrier recombination rates, and long charge carrier diffusion lengths and lifetimes) 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26.…”

Local Versus Long‐Range Diffusion Effects of Photoexcited States on Radiative Recombination in Organic–Inorganic Lead Halide Perovskites

“…Organic–inorganic metal halide perovskite semiconductor‐based solar cells have recently reached power conversion efficiencies above 20% 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. In addition to their excellent photovoltaic properties, these materials also allow for high photoluminescence (PL) quantum efficiencies and optically pumped lasing 6, 7.…”

“…These two materials were chosen due to their use in photovoltaic cells2, 17, 18, 19 (CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 ) and light‐emitting diodes8 (CH 3 NH 3 PbBr 3 ). We employ scanning near‐field optical microscopy (SNOM), which has been previously used to study local PL variations in nanostructured systems like polymer thin films,20 inorganic quantum structures,21 and polymer blends 22, 23.…”

Methodologies toward Efficient and Stable Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite‐Based Solar Cells

“…Many research efforts have brought a sharp growth, achieving superior power conversion efficiency (PCE) above 22% 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. The general formula of this material is ABX 3 , where A is a monovalent cation, B is typically Pb, and X is a halide 11.…”