Efficient, high yield perovskite photovoltaic devices grown by interdiffusion of solution-processed precursor stacking layers

Xiao, Zhengguo; Bi, Cheng; Shao, Yuchuan; Dong, Qingfeng; Wang, Qi; Yuan, Yongbo; Wang, Chenggong; Gao, Yongli; Huang, Jinsong

doi:10.1039/c4ee01138d

Cited by 1,172 publications

(1,087 citation statements)

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“…1a. The MAPbI 3 layers were formed by a low-temperature solution process, interdiffusion of lead iodide (PbI 2 ) and a methyl ammonium iodide (CH 3 NH 3 I, CH 3 NH 3 ¼ MA) stacking layer followed by a solvent annealing process, which was recently developed in our research group 17,18 . It forms smooth, compact perovskite films with 100% surface coverage and gives extremely small low leakage current on the order of 10 À 4 B10 À 3 mA cm À 2 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin and elimination of photocurrent hysteresis by fullerene passivation in CH3NH3PbI3 planar heterojunction solar cells

et al. 2014

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The large photocurrent hysteresis observed in many organometal trihalide perovskite solar cells has become a major hindrance impairing the ultimate performance and stability of these devices, while its origin was unknown. Here we demonstrate the trap states on the surface and grain boundaries of the perovskite materials to be the origin of photocurrent hysteresis and that the fullerene layers deposited on perovskites can effectively passivate these charge trap states and eliminate the notorious photocurrent hysteresis. Fullerenes deposited on the top of the perovskites reduce the trap density by two orders of magnitude and double the power conversion efficiency of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 solar cells. The elucidation of the origin of photocurrent hysteresis and its elimination by trap passivation in perovskite solar cells provides important directions for future enhancements to device efficiency.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin and elimination of photocurrent hysteresis by fullerene passivation in CH3NH3PbI3 planar heterojunction solar cells

et al. 2014

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Section: Crystallization Through Complex Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[11] This resulted in a PCE of 15.7% and showed the great potential of the much simpler, planar design. Soon thereafter, many possibilities were explored in order to convert a predeposited PbI 2 film into perovskite, e.g., by spin-coating a more concentrated MAI solution on top of a PbI 2 film [25] or by exposing the PbI 2 film to an MAI vapor atmosphere (VASP). [26] Other groups modified the PbI 2 film itself, e.g., by solvent annealing [53] or by replacing DMF with DMSO as the solvent.…”

Section: Two-step (Sequential Deposition)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Capturing the Sun: A Review of the Challenges and Perspectives of Perovskite Solar Cells

Petrus

Schlipf

Cheng

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

304

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following statement: These materials can be processed from solution and yet exhibit optoelectronic materials properties described in classic solid-state physics textbooks. This unprecedented combination has led to photovoltaic devices that can be processed at room temperature and achieve performance levels similar to industry giant polycrystalline silicon, from a starting point of 3.8% in 2009. [1][2][3][4] The first light-emitting electrochemical cells [5] and diodes [6][7][8] have also been introduced recently, leading to tunable light emission spectra and internal quantum efficiencies exceeding 15%.The road towards these achievements has been marked by a constant improvement of perovskite deposition techniques fueled by our increasing understanding of the crystallization processes. The choice of deposition technique, either from solution or vapor, and the composition and order in which precursor species are applied has a great influence on the crystallization kinetics. Here, one can distinguish one-step methods where the perovskite is formed from a precursor mixture dissolved in a common solution, and two-step methods where the inorganic compound is deposited first and transformed to the perovskite phase later by addition of the organic constituents. [9][10][11] Furthermore, many parameters during processing can have an effect on the crystallization mechanism and consequently on film morphology, such as the choice of solvents, concentrations and processing additives that are often not incorporated into the final product. [11][12][13] We discuss this aspect in Section 2, where we focus our attention on the most commonly employed solution-based techniques. Additionally, as for any new technology trying to displace an incumbent technology, higher efficiencies, lower costs, reproducibility, stability, and sustainability are paramount. In particular, reproducibility has been a major challenge in perovskite solar cells from the beginning: small variations in morphology, like crystal size, film roughness, and pinholes can have detrimental effects on photovoltaic performance. [14] On the other hand, current-voltage measurements often showed a hysteresis that is rarely seen in other photovoltaic technologies. [15] These topics are highlighted in Sections 3 and 4. Finally, in Section 5 we discuss the framework for market introduction, such as cost reduction by choosing low-cost charge transport layers, or how the lifetime of perovskite absorbers can be extended by the choice of materials composition.Hybrid metal halide perovskites have become one of the hottest topics in optoelectronic materials research in recent years. Not only have they surpassed everyone's expectations and achieved similar performance as tried and true polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic devices, but they are also finding applications in a variety of different fields, including lighting. The main advantages of hybrid metal halide perovskites are simple processability, compatible with large-scale solution processing such as roll-to-roll printing, a...

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“…16 A two-step interdiffusion approach has recently been shown to result in high quality films in an OPV-style structure. 17 Unfortunately, planar devices have also been shown to be more susceptible to hysteretic effects 18,19 which have been attributed to the migration of ions within the perovskite film. 20,21 The ionic current can arise due to unpassivated trap states that are found at perovskite grain boundaries due to non-ideal formation conditions.…”

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A two-step route to planar perovskite cells exhibiting reduced hysteresis

Quan

Adachi

et al. 2015

Applied Physics Letters

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A simple two-step method was used to produce efficient planar organolead halide perovskite solar cells. Films produced using solely iodine containing precursors resulted in poor morphology and failed devices, whereas addition of chlorine to the process greatly improved morphology and resulted in dense, uniform perovskite films. This process was used to produce perovskite solar cells with a fullerene-based passivation layer. The hysteresis effect, to which planar perovskite devices are otherwise prone, was greatly suppressed through the use of this interface modifier. The combined techniques resulted in perovskite solar cells having a stable efficiency exceeding 11%. This straightforward fabrication procedure holds promise in development of various optoelectronic applications of planar perovskite films.

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Efficient, high yield perovskite photovoltaic devices grown by interdiffusion of solution-processed precursor stacking layers

Abstract: A new low-temperature all-solution approach was invented to produce perovskite solar cells with an efficiency of 15.4% at high device yield.

Cited by 1,172 publications

References 25 publications

Origin and elimination of photocurrent hysteresis by fullerene passivation in CH3NH3PbI3 planar heterojunction solar cells

Origin and elimination of photocurrent hysteresis by fullerene passivation in CH3NH3PbI3 planar heterojunction solar cells

Capturing the Sun: A Review of the Challenges and Perspectives of Perovskite Solar Cells

A two-step route to planar perovskite cells exhibiting reduced hysteresis

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