Efficient gel‐type electrolyte with bismaleimide via <i>in situ</i> low temperature polymerization in dye‐sensitized solar cells

Chen, Jian Ging; Liu, Ken Yen; Chen, Chia Yuan; Lin, Chia Yu; Huang, Kuan; Lai, Yi Hsuan; Wu, Chun Guey; Lin, King‐Fu; Ho, Kuo–Chuan

doi:10.1002/pola.24290

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…To avoid leakage and evaporation, liquid electrolytes have been replaced with room-temperature ionic liquids, 5,6 hole-transporting materials based on organic 7,8 or inorganic semiconductors, 9,10 and gelated liquid electrolytes. 11,12 However, the charge conductivities of these materials are much lower than those of liquid electrolytes. In addition, the poor penetration of solid and gel materials into the mesoporous TiO 2 matrix makes their contact with photoelectrodes difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly efficient gel-state dye-sensitized solar cells prepared using poly(acrylonitrile-co-vinyl acetate) based polymer electrolytes

Chen

Chang

Teng

et al. 2013

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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Poly(acrylonitrile-co-vinyl acetate) (PAN-VA) is utilized as a gelation agent to prepare gel-state electrolytes for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) applications. Based on the synergistic effect of PAN-VA and TiO(2) fillers in the electrolyte, the gel-state DSSC can achieve a conversion efficiency higher than that of a liquid counterpart. The high performance of the gel-electrolyte is attributed to the in situ gelation property of the gel-electrolyte, the contribution of the PAN-VA to the charge transfer, as well as the enhancement effect of TiO(2) fillers on the charge transfer at the Pt-electrolyte interface. The experimental results show that the efficiencies of the gel-state cells have little dependence on the conductivity of the electrolytes with various contents of PAN-VA, but are closely related to the penetration situation of the electrolyte in the TiO(2) film. For PAN-VA concentrations ≤15 wt%, the electrolyte can be easily injected at room temperature based on its in situ gelation property. For higher PAN-VA concentrations, good penetration of the high viscous electrolyte can be achieved by elevating the operation temperature. By utilizing a heteroleptic ruthenium dye (coded CYC-B11), gel-state DSSCs with an efficiency of above 10% are obtained. Acceleration tests show that the cell is stable under one-sun illumination at 60 °C.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly efficient gel-state dye-sensitized solar cells prepared using poly(acrylonitrile-co-vinyl acetate) based polymer electrolytes

Chen

Chang

Teng

et al. 2013

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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“…Besides the concerns about safety issues, organic solvents are vulnerable to evaporation, and thus have limited durability. In addition, the penetration of air and water vapors can lead to long-term instability of the device. , Therefore, the search for a nonflammable nonvolatile electrolyte is gaining great momentum, and many people have developed gel-type polymer electrolytes and ionic liquids (ILs). − …”

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confidence: 99%

First-Principles Identification of Iodine Exchange Mechanism in Iodide Ionic Liquid

Thapa

Park

2012

J. Phys. Chem. Lett.

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We investigated the microscopic mechanism of ion transport in iodide ionic liquid, using first-principles calculations. We show that the desorption barrier of polyiodides (I3(-) or I5(-)) from the cation is in a similar energy range as or higher than the barrier for the bond dissociation and ensued desorption of neutral iodine (I2). This suggests that, instead of the physical diffusion of such a negatively charged multiatomic species, the exchange of neutral iodine (I2) between the polyiodides can be an easier channel for the movement of polyiodide. For the transport of the monoiodide anion (I(-)), we suggest the contribution of the Grotthuss-type ion exchange through the intermediately formed even-member anion (I2n(-)), in addition to drift and diffusion. As a result, we suggest that, instead of the commonly cited diffusion of the triiodide/iodide (I3(-)/I(-)) redox couple, the exchange of neutral iodine (I2) and the Grotthuss-type transport (I(-)) constitute the dominant ion transport mechanism.

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Enhanced Open‐Circuit Photopotential in Quasi‐Solid‐State Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Polymer Redox Electrolytes Filled with Anodic Titania Nanotubes

Στεργιόπουλος

Rozi

Hahn

et al. 2011

Advanced Energy Materials

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Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs), are already in the top ten photovoltaic devices attaining the largest overall power-conversion effi ciencies ( > 10% under 1 sun AM1.5G illumination [ 1 ] ), due mainly to their potentially low-cost fabrication, the possibility of transparency and color selectivity, effi cient light absorption by all incident angles and their ability to be integrated into building and automobile applications. [ 2 ] To make the next step towards full commercialization and compete on equal terms with silicon and thin fi lm solar cells, DSCs have to demonstrate enhanced long term stability under thermal and light stress conditions. The most effi cient DSCs utilize a liquid electrolyte consisted of the I − /I 3 − redox couple, dissolved in an organic solvent (e.g., acetonitrile); this kind of volatile solvent (resulting in partial liquid leakage and/or evaporation) is recognized to be the main limiting factor shortening the lifetime of the devices. [ 3 ] To overcome these problems, two alternatives have been proposed: i) the use of solvent-free ionic-liquid-based electrolytes, [ 4 , 5 ] and ii) the application of solidifi ed electrolytes based on organic [6][7][8][9] and inorganic [ 10 ] polymers, nanoparticles, [ 11 , 12 ] and liquid crystals, [ 13 ] attaining maximum effi ciencies on the order of 7-8%. [ 14 ] Following this direction, hybrid composite polymer electrolytes have been prepared by our group in the past: a linear polymer with high viscosity (polyethylene oxide) was used in order to solidify the common liquid electrolytes and a fi ller consisted of a powder of titania nanoparticles was further embodied in the polymer electrolytes to enhance amorphicity. [ 15 ] The obtained photovoltaic effi ciencies (2.5-4.5%) of the DSCs incorporating such solidifi ed polymer electrolytes were (at the time) among the best reported in literature. [16][17][18] These efforts to incorporate metal oxide nanoparticles between the polymer chains has since motivated a lot of research groups to use similar semiconducting nanostructures (TiO 2 , SiO 2 , carbon nanotubes, graphite etc.) to fi ll various polymer electrolytes. [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] Among others, special mention should be made on recently prepared advanced composite polymer (polyethylene glycol and nafi on) electrolytes using hydrothermally prepared titania nanotubes (NTs) as fi llers. [ 34 , 35 ] In this work, taking advantage of the strong experience in the electrochemical preparation of ordered metal oxide nanostructures, [36][37][38] we have prepared novel nanocomposite polymer electrolytes based on potentiostatically grown nanotubular titania fi llers incorporated into polyethylene oxide matrices. The polymeric electrolyte without a fi ller (used as a reference) presented an overall power conversion effi ciency ( η ) of 4.4%, when incorporated in a DSC. When this electrolyte was fi lled with the nanotubular anodic powder, the effi ciency was increased by more than 18% (reaching values up to 5.4%), mai...

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Efficient gel‐type electrolyte with bismaleimide via in situ low temperature polymerization in dye‐sensitized solar cells

Cited by 9 publications

References 41 publications

Highly efficient gel-state dye-sensitized solar cells prepared using poly(acrylonitrile-co-vinyl acetate) based polymer electrolytes

Highly efficient gel-state dye-sensitized solar cells prepared using poly(acrylonitrile-co-vinyl acetate) based polymer electrolytes

First-Principles Identification of Iodine Exchange Mechanism in Iodide Ionic Liquid

Enhanced Open‐Circuit Photopotential in Quasi‐Solid‐State Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Polymer Redox Electrolytes Filled with Anodic Titania Nanotubes

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