Efficient Far-Field Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting for Passively Powered Sensor Networks

Le, Taoran; Mayaram, K.; Fiez, T.S.

doi:10.1109/jssc.2008.920318

Cited by 658 publications

(424 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…For example, the frequency band at the UHF ISM band 902-928 MHz can be utilized where the propagation losses are lower compared to higher frequencies. Dependent on the local regulations, the maximum allowed transmitted power in this band amounts to 36 dBm EIRP, which corresponds to a maximum available power of 27 µW at a distance of 10 m [21]. So the circuit design challenge is to build an RF to DC rectifier circuit with highest possible efficiency, in the best case of over 40%, where a threshold voltage compensation circuit can effectively maximize the efficiency and decrease the input sensitivity at the same time [36].…”

Section: Energy Harvestingmentioning

confidence: 99%

From microwatt to gigabit: challenges of modern radio design

Pretl¹,

Faseth²,

Schumacher³

et al. 2018

Elektrotech. Inftech.

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On the brink of introducing the fifth generation (5G) of cellular networks, the art of radio-frequency (RF) integrated circuit design has never seen such a wide spread of diverging requirements:On the one hand, ubiquitous sensor networks are mandating power budgets in the order of micro-watt. They should be constructed as energy-autonomous, wireless, low-cost sensor nodes. This demand is caused by massive deployment scenarios of billions of devices, which makes wires and batteries unpractical. As a result, the desire for the radio nodes to harvest their operational energy from the environment emerges.On the other hand, the recent and ongoing realization of gigabit-per-second capable cellular modems is driving hardware and power requirements to extremes. To overcome hardware limitations, introduced by analog impairments, digital correction and alignment algorithms are employed for compensation. These factors call for usage of expensive advanced CMOS technology nodes and increased utilization of digital signal processing techniques.In this paper, we recap ongoing trends and developments for ultra-low power and high-end transceiver (TRX) designs using CMOS technology nodes ranging from low-cost to highest performance.Keywords: RF; ultra-low-power; wireless architectures; transceiver; mixed-signal circuits; 5G Von Mikrowatt zu Gigabit: Herausforderungen beim Design moderner Funkübertragungssysteme. Neben der Einführung der zellularen Mobilfunknetze der fünften Generation (5G) muss sich auch die integrierte HochfrequenzSchaltungstechnik einer noch nie dagewesenen Breite an unterschiedlichen Anforderungen stellen: Auf der einen Seite gibt es überall kabellose Sensornetzwerke, denen nur eine geringe Menge an Versorgungsleistung im MikrowattBereich zur Verfügung steht. Daher müssen die Chips in diesem Bereich energieautark und möglichst kostengünstig entwickelt werden. Aufgrund der zu erwartenden hohen Stückzahlen (Milliarden von unterschiedlichsten Sensoren für verschiedene Anwendungen) sind eine drahtgebundene Energieversorgung oder der Einsatz von Batterien in vielen Fällen praktisch unmöglich. Somit wird es für die Sensoren immer wichtiger, ihre Energieversorgung aus der Umgebung zu gewinnen (Stichwort Energy Harvesting).

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Section: Energy Harvestingmentioning

confidence: 99%

From microwatt to gigabit: challenges of modern radio design

Pretl¹,

Faseth²,

Schumacher³

et al. 2018

Elektrotech. Inftech.

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“…In contrast to traditional Schottky and diode connected MOS transistor rectifier, Mansano et al (2013) utilized an Orthogonally Switching Charge Pump Rectifier, CPR (OS-CPR) comprises of MOS transistors as voltage controlled switches with a capacity to operate in both weak and strong inversion regions. Floating gate technique, enable reducing or cancelling the threshold voltage of the MOS transistor as proposed by Le et al (2008) however this technique requires a pre-charge or calibration phase and also suffer from leakages. Arrawatia et al (2012) proposed a rectifier without any external bias circuit needed by arranging every alternate transistor biased using the node voltage from the next transistor.…”

Section: Related Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the implanted biomedical devices are passively utilizing RF signals as the power provider to extend battery life and to prevent any chemical hazards due to battery usages (Le et al, 2008). Additionally, for most ULP devices which require low maintenance, long lifespan, small size and light weight, removing the battery is recommended.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Architecture of Ultra Low Power Micro Energy Harvester Using RF Signal for Health Care Monitoring System: A Review

Zulkifli¹,

Sampe

Islam

et al. 2015

American Journal of Applied Sciences

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This research presents architecture of Ultra Low Power (ULP) Micro Energy Harvester (MEH) using Radio Frequency (RF) signal as an input. RF has many advantages compared to other ambient sources because it is not affected by changes of weather or time, does not require heat or wind exposure and it can be moved randomly within the bound of the transmission source. When RF is used as the sole input, the designer needs to consider impedance matching as the most important element so that the antenna can transfer maximum power. The existing energy harvesters apply conjugate matching network as the current solution. However, this method causes some difficulties since the solution requires consideration of both voltage boosting and conjugate matching network simultaneously. To solve this problem, we propose ULP Radio Frequency Micro Energy Harvester (RFMEH) that will utilize a control loop as voltage boosting adjuster and network tuner to achieve maximum power transfer and minimum power reflection. The proposed architecture will also improve the RF-DC conversion efficiency and the sensitivity of the system. This is achieved using an efficient rectification scheme to convert RF to DC, DC-DC boost converter to increase the dc output voltage, adaptive control circuit to adjust the switching timing of boost converter, voltage limiter and regulator to produce the best output voltage. The proposed ULP RFMEH architecture will be designed and simulated using PSPICE software, Verilog coding using Mentor Graphics and functional verification using FPGA board (FPGA) before being implemented in CMOS 0.13 µm process technology. The proposed architecture will deliver approximately 2.45 V of output voltage from low input power level (-20 dBm) with an efficiency of more than 60%. This design will minimize the power consumption as compared to previous achievements and it can be applied in supplying power for health care monitoring systems or micro biomedical applications.

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“…Inductive coupling is used in [37] to charge and communicate with RFID tags, while strong resonant coupling is presented in [38] to do power transmission in mid-range. Also, electromagnetic radiation is used to charge RFID tags 44 meters away from a 4W EIRP source in [39]. These methods transmit power from fixed sources through electromagnetic/magnetic channel, and utilized either near field, mid-range or far field power transmission depending on the system requirement.…”

Section: Wireless Power Transmission For Embedded Shm Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimum Wireless Power Transmission for Sensors Embedded in Concrete

Jiang¹

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Efficient Far-Field Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting for Passively Powered Sensor Networks

Cited by 658 publications

References 26 publications

From microwatt to gigabit: challenges of modern radio design

From microwatt to gigabit: challenges of modern radio design

Architecture of Ultra Low Power Micro Energy Harvester Using RF Signal for Health Care Monitoring System: A Review

Optimum Wireless Power Transmission for Sensors Embedded in Concrete

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