Efficient energy consumption in industrial sectors and its effect on environment: A comparative analysis between G8 and Southeast Asian emerging economies

Relationships among carbon emissions, economic growth, energy consumption and population growth: Testing Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis for Brazil, China, India and Indonesia

“…This finding is consistent with Shahbaz, Hye, Tiwari, and Leitão (2013) who, using VECM and ARDL approach during 1975Q1 to 2011Q4, found that both energy consumption and economic growth increase CO 2 emissions in Indonesia in both the short term and long term. Similarly, this findings is also consistent with Rahman et al (2016) who found long run nexus between output growth and CO 2 emissions in Indonesia using Toda-Yamamoto approach during 1971-2011. But this finding contradicts with Jafari, Othman, and Nor (2012) who did not find any long-run relationship between economic growth and CO 2 emissions for Indonesia using Toda-Yamamoto approach during 1971-2007 In the case of China, both in the long run and short run, GDP per capita and energy consumption per capita show a significantly positive relationship with per capita CO 2 emissions in both the linear and quadratic models.…”

Technological assessment and modeling of energy‐related CO2 emissions for the G8 countries by using hybrid IWO algorithm based on SVM

“…Step 3—Spatial Dispersal: In order to group fitter plants and eliminate unfavorable plants, the nonlinearly at each iteration must be decreased. To achieve this, the nonliniearity is reduced by the possibility of dropping a seed in a remote space …”

“…The G8 countries, which are the United States, the UK, Italy, France, Russia, Japan, Germany, and Canada, are highly industrialized nations, and have the highest world's total wealth and GDP, are considered in this research. Promoting renewable energies by the mentioned countries will have a significant impact in mitigating the CO 2 emission . The higher the ratio of renewable energy to total primary energy consumption, the lower the CO 2 emissions.…”

“…Promoting renewable energies by the mentioned countries will have a significant impact in mitigating the CO 2 emission. 16 The higher the ratio of renewable energy to total primary energy consumption, the lower the CO 2 emissions. Besides, according to the second key, the higher the energy efficiency, the lower the CO 2 emission; hence, scientists put their efforts on augmenting the energy systems' efficiency to bring about better working conditions.…”

“…To achieve this, the nonliniearity is reduced by the possibility of dropping a seed in a remote space. 16 (1) The normal distribution's standard deviation (σ iter ) is decreased from a specific initial value, σ 0 , to a final value σ f , which in turn results in a reduced IWO search range. σ iter can be calculated by where σ iter is the standard deviation at the current iteration iter, iter max is the highest number of iteration, and α is a nonlinear modulation index, which is set to 3.…”