Relationships among carbon emissions, economic growth, energy consumption and population growth: Testing Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis for Brazil, China, India and Indonesia

Alam, Md. Mahmudul; Murad, Wahid; Noman, Abu Hanifa Md.; Öztürk, İlhan

doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.06.043

Cited by 545 publications

(177 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…But the variable of industrial structure, financial development and trade openness is control variable. We specify the conditional quantiles function for quantile τ as follows (2) where the countries are indexed by i and time by time t.…”

Section: Methodology and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting CO2 Emissions in the Developing Countries and Developed Countries

2017

July 11-12, 2017 Bangkok (Thailand) Back LHHISS-17, FCBHS-17, ASET-17

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Abstract-This study investigates the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI), economic growth and energy consumption on carbon emissions in ten selected countries which the total carbon emissions in the world), including five developing countries (China, India, Brazil, Mexico and Indonesia) and five developed countries (European Union, the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom and Japan). This paper employs a panel quantile regression model that takes unobserved individual heterogeneity and distributional heterogeneity into consideration. Moreover, to avoid an omitted variable bias, certain related control variables are included in our model. Our empirical results show that the effect of the independent variables on carbon emissions is heterogeneous across quantiles. Specifically, the effect of FDI on carbon emissions is positive and significant for developed countries. Energy consumption increases carbon emissions, with the strongest effects occurring at middle quantiles for developed countries. Among the high-emissions countries, greater economic growth to reduce emissions. The results of the study also support the validity of the halo effect hypothesis in higher-emissions countries. However, we find little evidence in support of an inverted U-shaped curve in the developing countries. In addition, a higher level of trade openness can mitigate the increase in carbon emissions, especially in low-and high-emissions nations. Finally, the results of the study also provide policymakers with important policy recommendations.

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Section: Methodology and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting CO2 Emissions in the Developing Countries and Developed Countries

2017

July 11-12, 2017 Bangkok (Thailand) Back LHHISS-17, FCBHS-17, ASET-17

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“…To reach this target, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions need to be substantially reduced which particularly come from the burning of fossil fuels (IPCC 2014). To add to this challenge, large emerging economies, such as Brazil, China and India, are experiencing great economic and population growth (Alam et al 2016;Haseeb et al 2016;Zaman et al 2016). This leads to a significant increase in consumption of resources, for instance in housing, vehicles and electronics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing mineral and fossil surplus costs of renewable and non-renewable electricity production

Vieira

Huijbregts

2017

Int J Life Cycle Assess

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Purpose Life cycle assessment aims to assess trade-offs between different impacts, including mineral and fossil resource use. The goals of this study were (1) to derive surplus cost potentials (SCPs) for a large number of fossil and mineral resources and (2) to derive surplus costs per megawatt hour of electricity produced for a range of both renewable and nonrenewable technologies. Methods The SCP of a resource refers to the total cost increase over the full amount of resource expected to be extracted in the future, expressed as US dollar (USD) per unit of resource extracted. For the fossil resources oil, natural gas and hard coal, cost-cumulative production relationships were derived that were subsequently used as input to calculate SCPs for these three fossil resources. For mineral resources, SCPs were readily available for 12 resources and platinumgroup metals as a separate group. SCPs for an additional number of 57 mineral resources and 4 mineral resource groups were derived on the basis of a statistical relationship between SCP and average price in year 2013. The SCPs of fossil and mineral resources were subsequently used to derive the surplus costs per megawatt hour of 10 electricity production technologies.Results and discussion The surplus costs of electricity production ranged from 0.3 to 148 USD 2013 /MWh. The three fossil-based energy production technologies, based on coal, gas and oil, resulted in the highest overall surplus costs (23 to 148 USD 2013 /MWh), while nuclear, geothermal, photovoltaic, wind and hydropower technologies have the lowest surplus costs (0.3-6 USD 2013 /MWh). We found that the contribution of fossil resource use to the surplus costs was higher compared to mineral resource use, including the renewable energy technologies. Conclusions Surplus costs of fossil and mineral resources can be used to compare renewable and non-renewable electricity production technologies. This case study shows that fossil fuel use drives the surplus costs of all energy technologies.

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“…Given that, most scholars have explored the relationship between energy consumption and air quality (the main emissions) from the perspective of total energy consumption and consumption structure. In terms of total energy consumption, based on data from India, Indonesia, Brazil and China from 1970 to 2012, Alam et al [11] used the methods of the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) boundary test to show that energy consumption has boosted carbon dioxide emissions. Lun et al [12] also believe that energy consumption is the major contributor to carbon emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Energy Consumption on Air Quality in Jiangsu Province of China

Zhong

Yin

et al. 2018

Sustainability

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Air quality has become an important sustainability concern for China's highly developed economic regions. Taking Jiangsu Province as a case, this study investigates the effect of energy consumption on air quality when both considering and not considering control variables, such as industrial structure, energy consumption structure and energy efficiency from 2006 to 2015 and further explores the influence of the related policies on air quality and the relationship between energy consumption and air quality. One important finding is that the relationship between energy consumption and the air quality index of Jiangsu Province shows a U-shaped curve and it is now in the increasing part of the curve, which reveals the effectiveness of controlling energy consumption in improving air quality. Another important finding is that, when considering the effect of related polices, there is still a U-shaped curve relationship between energy consumption and air quality index, with the opening of curve becoming bigger and the influence of energy consumption on air quality becoming more obvious. Moreover, although air quality is improved whether considering policies separately or together, the effect of combined policies is better than is the effect of a separate policy. This not only reflects the effectiveness of related polices but also shows the importance of policy coordination. Furthermore, a 1% optimization of industrial structure inhibits air quality index by 0.0054%, while the relationship of energy efficiency and energy consumption structure with air quality is inconsistent with theoretical analysis. This implies that, in practice, there is still room for improvement in both energy saving and emission reduction and even in air quality improvement. This study may help the stakeholders, whether from Jiangsu Province, other provinces in China or other countries at the global level, identify the impacts of energy consumption on air quality and formulate effective energy saving and air quality improvement policies in conjunction with their economic characteristics.

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Relationships among carbon emissions, economic growth, energy consumption and population growth: Testing Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis for Brazil, China, India and Indonesia

Abstract: This is a pre-publication copy. The published article is copyrighted by the publisher of the journal.

Cited by 545 publications

References 62 publications

Factors Affecting CO2 Emissions in the Developing Countries and Developed Countries

Factors Affecting CO2 Emissions in the Developing Countries and Developed Countries

Comparing mineral and fossil surplus costs of renewable and non-renewable electricity production

Impact of Energy Consumption on Air Quality in Jiangsu Province of China

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