Efficient Coupling of an Antenna-Enhanced nanoLED into an Integrated InP Waveguide

Eggleston, Michael S.; Wu, M.C.

doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00574

Cited by 27 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…Note, in addition, the presence of a sharp change at h = 110 nm for all d values. We attribute this to optical coupling to the polymer layer produced by the resulting 10 nm nanogap between the top metal layer and the metal disk [ 30 , 31 ]. Light leaked to the polymer layer may affect the field intensity associated with the metal/air SPR (peak A) and, therefore, to the surface sensitivity and the resonance dip amplitude.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of an Aluminum/Polymer Plasmonic 2D Crystal for Label-Free Optical Biosensing

Tramarin

Barrios

2018

Sensors

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A design study of a nanostructured two-dimensional plasmonic crystal based on aluminum and polymeric material for label-free optical biosensing is presented. The structure is formed of Al nanohole and nanodisk array layers physically separated by a polymeric film. The photonic configuration was analyzed through finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations. The calculated spectral reflectance of the device exhibits a surface plasmon polariton (SPP) resonance feature sensitive to the presence of a modeled biolayer adhered onto the metal surfaces. Simulations also reveal that the Al disks suppress an undesired SPP resonance, improving the device performance in terms of resolution as compared to that of a similar configuration without Al disks. On the basis of manufacturability issues, nanohole diameter and depth were considered as design parameters, and a multi-objective optimization process was employed to determine the optimum dimensional values from both performance and fabrication points of view. The effect of Al oxidation, which is expected to occur in an actual device, was also studied.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of an Aluminum/Polymer Plasmonic 2D Crystal for Label-Free Optical Biosensing

Tramarin

Barrios

2018

Sensors

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“…Differently from nanolasers, nanoLEDs do not require a lasing threshold and therefore do not need a high-Q cavity, resulting in much lower current operation requirements [32]. Importantly, in recent years several advances have been made to increase the efficiency of nanoLEDs towards >10% which include Purcell enhancement of radiative emission [33][34][35], suppression of nonradiative surface effects via chemical passivation treatments [36], and efficient waveguidecoupling methods [37,38]. NanoLEDs have been already demonstrated for a photonic crystal (PhC) LED [39], a plasmonic LED [40] and a waveguide-coupled nanoLED [37], showing output power levels in the order of tens to hundreds of pW for the PhC case and up to 300 nW for the waveguide-coupled case.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The activation of the all-or-nothing optical spiking response (called excitable) is achieved via high-speed nonlinear electrical modulation of the nanoLED. Importantly, the sub-λ metal-cavity offers strong light-matter interaction at the nanoscale via the Purcell effect [30], which scales inversely with the mode volume [31,38], leading to faster and more efficient light emission and of advantage for high-bandwidth optical spiking. Using a model that combines the dynamical equations of the circuit and rate equations, and using realistic parameters of a nanodevice that takes into account material parameters, nonradiative effects and size scaling, we analyze the characteristics of the fired optical spikes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NanoLEDs for energy-efficient and gigahertz-speed spike-based sub-λ neuromorphic nanophotonic computing

2020

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AbstractEvent-activated biological-inspired subwavelength (sub-λ) photonic neural networks are of key importance for future energy-efficient and high-bandwidth artificial intelligence systems. However, a miniaturized light-emitting nanosource for spike-based operation of interest for neuromorphic optical computing is still lacking. In this work, we propose and theoretically analyze a novel nanoscale nanophotonic neuron circuit. It is formed by a quantum resonant tunneling (QRT) nanostructure monolithic integrated into a sub-λ metal-cavity nanolight-emitting diode (nanoLED). The resulting optical nanosource displays a negative differential conductance which controls the all-or-nothing optical spiking response of the nanoLED. Here we demonstrate efficient activation of the spiking response via high-speed nonlinear electrical modulation of the nanoLED. A model that combines the dynamical equations of the circuit which considers the nonlinear voltage-controlled current characteristic, and rate equations that takes into account the Purcell enhancement of the spontaneous emission, is used to provide a theoretical framework to investigate the optical spiking dynamic properties of the neuromorphic nanoLED. We show inhibitory- and excitatory-like optical spikes at multi-gigahertz speeds can be achieved upon receiving exceptionally low (sub-10 mV) synaptic-like electrical activation signals, lower than biological voltages of 100 mV, and with remarkably low energy consumption, in the range of 10–100 fJ per emitted spike. Importantly, the energy per spike is roughly constant and almost independent of the incoming modulating frequency signal, which is markedly different from conventional current modulation schemes. This method of spike generation in neuromorphic nanoLED devices paves the way for sub-λ incoherent neural elements for fast and efficient asynchronous neural computation in photonic spiking neural networks.

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“…Optical antennas exploit the unique properties of metal nanostructures that exhibit strong coupling of electronic plasma to electromagnetic radiation at optical frequencies. These antennas can direct electromagnetic waves in sub-wavelength-scale devices, for applications such as near-field optical microscopy [20]- [23], surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy [13]- [17], [24], surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy [25], [26], and photovoltaics [27], and devices such as nanoLEDs [28], [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Properties of Bowtie-Type Nanoantennas Integrated Onto a Silicon Waveguide Platform

Dong

Morozov

et al. 2019

IEEE Photonics J.

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In this paper, we provide a detailed three-dimensional numerical analysis of the optical properties of common and modified bowtie aperture antennas integrated onto a silicon waveguide platform, to discuss the influence of geometrical parameters on the electric field enhancement factor and waveguide transmission when such antennas are excited by the evanescent field of the Si waveguide mode. We demonstrate that waveguide transmission is severely affected by the interference between Si waveguide modes and surface plasmon polariton modes excited in the antenna, while the antenna's field enhancement factor is mainly determined by the localized surface plasmon resonance occurring in its nano-gap. These mechanisms lead to a mismatch between the wavelength at which the antenna's field enhancement factor is maximized, and the wavelength at which transmission through the Si waveguide is minimized, suggesting that in some multi-mode cases, the optical properties of integrated nanoantennas determined through direct measurement of Si waveguide transmission may be misleading. Methods for improving the electric field enhancement (such that it has a bigger modulation depth) that have minimal impact on the resonant wavelength, and for improving the shape and location of the corresponding hot spot of the bowtie aperture antennas, are also discussed and analyzed. We believe that this analysis will be helpful in design of on-chip bowtie-type optical antennas for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, near-field optical microscopy, high sensitivity detection, and plasmonic optical tweezers.

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Efficient Coupling of an Antenna-Enhanced nanoLED into an Integrated InP Waveguide

Cited by 27 publications

References 36 publications

Design of an Aluminum/Polymer Plasmonic 2D Crystal for Label-Free Optical Biosensing

Design of an Aluminum/Polymer Plasmonic 2D Crystal for Label-Free Optical Biosensing

NanoLEDs for energy-efficient and gigahertz-speed spike-based sub-λ neuromorphic nanophotonic computing

Optical Properties of Bowtie-Type Nanoantennas Integrated Onto a Silicon Waveguide Platform

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