Efficient Catalysis by Combining Microwaves with Other Enabling Technologies

Cravotto, Giancarlo; Rinaldi, Laura; Carnaroglio, Diego

doi:10.1002/9783527688111.ch8

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 70 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…30 years ago, Otteson and Michl described a pioneering gas-phase dehalogenation of organic dihalides using alkali metal vapours in excess argon under MW/US irradiation [12]. Several examples of this marriage appeared in the literature in the decades that were to come as innovative approaches to classical organic reactions and metal-assisted catalysis were described [13].…”

Section: Organic Reactions Under Combined Mw/us Irradiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Microwaves/Ultrasound, a Hybrid Technology

2016

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The combination of microwave heating and ultrasound irradiation has been successfully exploited in applied chemistry. Besides saving energy, these green techniques promote faster and more selective transformations. The aim of this review is to provide a practical overview of the complimentary and synergistic effects generated by the combination of microwaves and either ultrasound or hydrodynamic cavitation. This will begin with a brief history, as we outline pioneering achievements, and will also update the reader on recent developments. Such hyphenated techniques are able to offer reliable and efficient protocols for basic chemistry, organic and inorganic synthesis as well as processing. The development of dedicated hybrid reactors has helped scientists to find solutions to new synthetic challenges in the preparation of nanomaterials and new green catalysts. This research topic falls within the confines of process intensification as it facilitates the design of substantially cleaner, safer and more energy efficient technologies and chemical processes.

show abstract

Section: Organic Reactions Under Combined Mw/us Irradiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Microwaves/Ultrasound, a Hybrid Technology

2016

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In this context, we herein report a process-intensification strategy for the development of environmentally friendly protocols [i.e., solvent-free conditions, mild temperature, flash processing, and the use of nonmodified, acidic solids (mainly clays)] for the conversion of limonene into p -cymene. In particular, MW irradiation, widely utilized to upgrade biomass, − was investigated and compared to conventional heating (CH). The application of a MW monomode reactor was initially explored, for the sake of comparison with the literature, and clays were used to promote the reaction .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process Intensification for Sustainable Microwave-Assisted Bio p-Cymene Production from Limonene

Salgado-Ramos,

Tabasso,

Gaudino

et al. 2024

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Limonene is the most abundant terpene in citrus byproducts, such as lemon and orange peels. Due to its six-membered ring structure, it is considered a valuable feedstock for the synthesis of important bioaromatics, such as p-cymene. This study aims to develop a rapid and sustainable method to produce bio p-cymene from biomass-derived limonene. The use of enabling technologies, such as microwaves (MWs), can significantly intensify the process, leading to further improvements in sustainability. Several mono- and multimode MW reactors have been tested in this context. Monomodal systems have yielded the highest p-cymene output (up to 22.61% selectivity), while multimode reactors allow for a scaling-up approach that overcomes the limitations of the monomodal ovens while still providing noticeable p-cymene yields (up to 17.79%). An environmentally friendly protocol that utilizes mild temperatures (80–165 °C), has reduced time requirements (0–5 min), and can be performed in solvent-free conditions was employed throughout the process. This approach makes use of a wide range of biorefinery-based practices and is aligned with green processing, the circular economy, and process intensification principles.

show abstract