Efficient carbon nanotube sponges production boosted by acetone in CVD-Synthesis

Cortés-López, Alejandro J.; Muñoz‐Sandoval, Emilio; López–Urías, Florentino

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2018.04.046

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Small graphitic layers with d-spacing of 0.35 nm (corresponding to (002) crystalline planes of graphite [52]) are randomly stacked in the walls and not parallel to the axis direction, exhibiting more defects and edges in NCNTs that can serve as active sites 4 Research for cerium redox reactions (Figure 2(d)). It is evident from the SEM and TEM micrographs that the CNTs grown by this strategy are more dense and uniform, and the size distributions are relatively more homogenous, compared to the recently reported CNTs grown by CVD [53][54][55].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

General Growth of Carbon Nanotubes for Cerium Redox Reactions in High-Efficiency Redox Flow Batteries

Yao

Yan

et al. 2019

Research

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess remarkable mechanical, electrical, thermal, and optical properties that predestine them for numerous potential applications. The conventional chemical vapor deposition (CVD) route for the production of CNTs, however, suffers from costly and complex issues. Herein, we demonstrate a general and high-yield strategy to grow nitrogen-doped CNTs (NCNTs) on three-dimensional (3D) graphite felt (GF) substrates, through a direct thermal pyrolysis process simply using a common tube furnace, instead of the costly and complex CVD method. Specifically, the NCNTs-decorated GF (NCNT-GF) electrode possesses enhanced electrocatalytic performance towards cerium redox reactions, mainly due to the catalytic effect of N atoms doped into NCNTs, and ingenious and hierarchical 3D architecture of the NCNT-GF. As a result, the cell with the NCNT-GF serving as a positive electrode shows the improved energy efficiency with increases of about 53.4% and 43.8% over the pristine GF and the acidly treated GF at a high charge/discharge rate of 30 mA cm-2, respectively. Moreover, the as-prepared NCNT catalyst-enhanced electrode is found to be highly robust and should enable a long-term cycle without detectable efficiency loss after 500 cycles. The viable synthetic strategy reported in this study will contribute to the further development of more active heteroatom-doped CNTs for redox flow batteries.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

General Growth of Carbon Nanotubes for Cerium Redox Reactions in High-Efficiency Redox Flow Batteries

Yao

Yan

et al. 2019

Research

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“…The values of Q obtained for our sponges are competitive with other CNSs synthesized using other alcohol precursors in a CVD experiment. 2,36,37 However, these are an order of magnitude less than those CNSs produced using dichlorobenzene as a precursor. 1…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Recently, we reported that the ethanol–acetone 1:1 solution as a precursor in an AACVD experiment also increases the yield production. 37 The chemical species released during the thermal decomposition of isopropanol, ethanol, and acetone could give insights into the growth mechanism of carbon fibers that constitute the N-CNS. The thermal decomposition of isopropanol releases propylene and water, 38 ethanol releases ethylene and water, 44 and acetone releases methyls and carbon monoxide.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…35 Recently, alcohols have also been used to produce CNSs, for example, ethanol 2,36 and ethanol–acetone solutions. 37 The chemical species arising by the thermal decomposition of alcohols provide possible routes for the growth of N-CNSs in an aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition (AACVD) experiment. 37 In this work, we focus our investigation on the use of isopropanol as a carbon precursor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…37 The chemical species arising by the thermal decomposition of alcohols provide possible routes for the growth of N-CNSs in an aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition (AACVD) experiment. 37 In this work, we focus our investigation on the use of isopropanol as a carbon precursor. The chemical species arising during its particular thermal decomposition (propylene and water) 38 offers insights into the formation of novel carbon nanostructures with interesting physical–chemical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oxygenated Surface of Carbon Nanotube Sponges: Electroactivity and Magnetic Studies

2019

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We report the synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube sponges (N-CNSs) by pyrolysis of solutions of benzylamine, ferrocene, thiophene, and isopropanol-based mixture at 1020 °C for 4 h using an aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition system. The precursors were transported through a quartz tube using a dynamic flow of H2/Ar. We characterized the N-CNSs by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. We found that isopropanol, isopropanol–ethanol, and isopropanol–acetone as precursors promote the formation of complex-entangled carbon fibers making knots and junctions. The N-CNSs displayed an outstanding oxygen concentration reaching a value of 9.2% for those synthesized with only isopropanol. We identified oxygen and nitrogen functional groups; in particular, the carbon fibers produced using only isopropanol exhibited a high concentration of ether groups (C–O bonds). This fact suggests the presence of phenols, carboxyl, methoxy, ethoxy, epoxy, and more complex functional groups. Usually, the functionalization of graphitic materials is carried out through aggressive acid treatments; here, we offer an alternative route to produce a superoxygenated surface. The understanding of the chemical surface of these novel materials represents a huge challenge and offers an opportunity to study complex oxygen functional groups different from the conventional quinone, carboxyl, phenols, carbonyl, methoxy, ethoxy, among others. The cyclic voltammetry measurements confirmed the importance of oxygen in N-CNSs, showing that with high oxygen concentration, the highest anodic and cathodic currents are displayed. N-CNSs displayed ferromagnetic behavior with an outstanding saturation magnetization. We envisage that our sponges are promising for anodes in lithium-ion batteries and magnetic sensor devices.

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N‐doped carbon nanotube sponges and their excellent lithium storage performances

et al. 2021

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Preparation, analysis and lithium storage performance of a series of nitrogen‐doped carbon nanotube sponges (CNX) is presented in this work. The synthesis was performed using an aerosol‐assisted chemical vapor deposition (AACVD) in a bi‐sprayer system by using various carbon and nitrogen precursors made of mixtures of benzylamine with toluene, urea, pyridine and 1,2‐dichlorbenzene, with ferrocene as catalyst. A series of physico‐chemical analysis techniques are used to characterize the composition and the morphology of the obtained materials, and a correlation of these with the lithium storage performances is attempted. The samples reveal an interconnected core‐shell CNX fiber morphology with a CNT‐core surrounded by an amorphous carbon shell. Appealing lithium storage performances are attained, while also considering aspects of safety, low potential, and long‐term cycling stability. The best performing sponges display a high specific capacity (223 mAh g−1) when cycled in a practically relevant voltage window (0.01–1V vs. Li), high first cycle (90%) and long‐term cycling (99.3%) coulombic efficiencies and excellent capacity retention after 1500 cycles. This study further analyses the interplay between the morphology and the physico‐chemistry of nitrogen‐doped carbon nanotube materials for Lithium storage and provides guidelines for future developments.

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Efficient carbon nanotube sponges production boosted by acetone in CVD-Synthesis

Cited by 21 publications

References 55 publications

General Growth of Carbon Nanotubes for Cerium Redox Reactions in High-Efficiency Redox Flow Batteries

General Growth of Carbon Nanotubes for Cerium Redox Reactions in High-Efficiency Redox Flow Batteries

Oxygenated Surface of Carbon Nanotube Sponges: Electroactivity and Magnetic Studies

N‐doped carbon nanotube sponges and their excellent lithium storage performances

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